Inhibitors of raf kinases

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are heteroaryl inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase effector (RAF), pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for the treatment of disease.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/863,553, filed Apr. 30, 2020, and claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/843,197, filed May 3, 2019, all of whichare incorporated by reference in the disclosure of this application.

BACKGROUND

RAF kinase functions in the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK mitogen activated proteinkinase (MAPK) pathway (also known as MAPK/ERK pathway) byphosphorylating and activating MEK. By altering the levels andactivities of transcription factors, MAPK leads to altered transcriptionof genes that are important for the cell cycle. Deregulation of MAPKactivity occurs frequently in tumors. Accordingly, therapies that targetRAF kinase activity are desired for use in the treatment of cancer andother disorders characterized by aberrant MAPK/ERK pathway signaling.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein are inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinase effectorRaf (RAF), pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, andmethods for using said compounds for the treatment of diseases.

One embodiment provides a compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, having the structure of Formula (I):

wherein,

-   -   V is hydrogen, halogen, —CN, optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl,        -CD₃, optionally substituted C1-C4 alkoxy, optionally        substituted C1-C4 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C1-C4        alkynyl;    -   U is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, -CD₃,        optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted        cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally        substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted        heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaralkyl group,        optionally substituted —COalkyl, optionally substituted        —COcycloalkyl;    -   X is N, C—H, C-D, or C—F    -   R² is H, D or F;    -   R⁴ is halogen, optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl, -CD₃, or        optionally substituted C1-C3 alkoxy;    -   R⁶ is H, D, Cl or F;    -   Z is selected from:

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl); andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 0, 1, or 2; n1 is 0, 1,or 2 provided both m1 and n1 are not both 0; p is 0, 1, or 2; and q is0, 1 or 2;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂,CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 1, or 2; p is 0, 1, 2,or 3; W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CHR¹¹—, —CH₂—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CHR¹¹—CH₂—,—C(R¹¹)₂—CH₂—, —NH—CH₂—, —NH—CHR¹¹—, —NH—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CH₂—NH—, —CHR¹¹—NH—,—C(R¹¹)₂—NH—, —N(R¹¹)—CH₂—, —N(R¹¹)—CHR¹¹—, —N(R¹¹)—C(R¹¹)₂—,—CH₂—N(R¹¹)—, —CHR¹¹—N(R¹¹)—, —C(R¹¹)₂—N(R¹¹)—; each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo; and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, oroptionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂,CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂;each R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, or optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 provided both m and n arenot both 0; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups together form an oxo;

wherein m is 1, 2, or 3; n is 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, or 2; and each R¹³or R¹⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CN, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;each R¹¹ is independently selected from —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2; and q is 0, 1 or 2; W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; and each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two geminal R¹¹ groupstogether form an oxo; or

(i) optionally substituted heteroaryl group.

One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising acompound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

One embodiment provides a method of treating a disease or disorder in apatient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient acompound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof. Another embodiment provides the method wherein the disease ordisorder is cancer.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in thisspecification are herein incorporated by reference for the specificpurposes identified herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,”“and,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an agent” includesa plurality of such agents, and reference to “the cell” includesreference to one or more cells (or to a plurality of cells) andequivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.When ranges are used herein for physical properties, such as molecularweight, or chemical properties, such as chemical formulae, allcombinations and subcombinations of ranges and specific embodimentstherein are intended to be included. The term “about” when referring toa number or a numerical range means that the number or numerical rangereferred to is an approximation within experimental variability (orwithin statistical experimental error), and thus the number or numericalrange, in some instances, will vary between 1% and 15% of the statednumber or numerical range. The term “comprising” (and related terms suchas “comprise” or “comprises” or “having” or “including”) is not intendedto exclude that in other certain embodiments, for example, an embodimentof any composition of matter, composition, method, or process, or thelike, described herein, “consist of” or “consist essentially of” thedescribed features.

Definitions

As used in the specification and appended claims, unless specified tothe contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated below.

“Amino” refers to the —NH₂ radical.

“Cyano” refers to the —CN radical.

“Nitro” refers to the —NO₂ radical.

“Oxa” refers to the —O— radical.

“Oxo” refers to the ═O radical.

“Thioxo” refers to the ═S radical.

“Imino” refers to the ═N—H radical.

“Oximo” refers to the ═N—OH radical.

“Hydrazino” refers to the ═N—NH₂ radical.

“Alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radicalconsisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing nounsaturation, having from one to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C15alkyl). In certain embodiments, an alkyl comprises one to thirteencarbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₁₃ alkyl). In certain embodiments, an alkylcomprises one to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₈ alkyl). In otherembodiments, an alkyl comprises one to five carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₅alkyl). In other embodiments, an alkyl comprises one to four carbonatoms (e.g., C₁-C₄ alkyl). In other embodiments, an alkyl comprises oneto three carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₃ alkyl). In other embodiments, analkyl comprises one to two carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₂ alkyl). In otherembodiments, an alkyl comprises one carbon atom (e.g., C₁ alkyl). Inother embodiments, an alkyl comprises five to fifteen carbon atoms(e.g., C₅-C₁₅ alkyl). In other embodiments, an alkyl comprises five toeight carbon atoms (e.g., C₅-C₈ alkyl). In other embodiments, an alkylcomprises two to five carbon atoms (e.g., C₂-C₅ alkyl). In otherembodiments, an alkyl comprises three to five carbon atoms (e.g., C₃-C₅alkyl). In other embodiments, the alkyl group is selected from methyl,ethyl, 1-propyl (n-propyl), 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl), 1-butyl(n-butyl), 1-methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2-methylpropyl (iso-butyl),1,1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl). The alkyl isattached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Unless statedotherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group isoptionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents:halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, imino, oximo, trimethylsilanyl,—OR^(a), —SR^(a), —OC(O)—R^(a), —N(R^(a))₂, —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a),—C(O)N(R^(a)), —N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂,—N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2),—S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2)and —S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2) where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), carbocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl).

“Alkoxy” refers to a radical bonded through an oxygen atom of theformula —O-alkyl, where alkyl is an alkyl chain as defined above.

“Alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radicalgroup consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing atleast one carbon-carbon double bond, and having from two to twelvecarbon atoms. In certain embodiments, an alkenyl comprises two to eightcarbon atoms. In other embodiments, an alkenyl comprises two to fourcarbon atoms. The alkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by asingle bond, for example, ethenyl (i.e., vinyl), prop-1-enyl (i.e.,allyl), but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1,4-dienyl, and the like. Unlessstated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group isoptionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents:halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, imino, oximo, trimethylsilanyl,—OR^(a), —SR^(a), —OC(O)—R^(a), —N(R^(a))₂, —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a),—C(O)N(R^(a)), —N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂,—N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2),—S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2)and —S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2) where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), carbocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl).

“Alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radicalgroup consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing atleast one carbon-carbon triple bond, having from two to twelve carbonatoms. In certain embodiments, an alkynyl comprises two to eight carbonatoms. In other embodiments, an alkynyl comprises two to six carbonatoms. In other embodiments, an alkynyl comprises two to four carbonatoms. The alkynyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a singlebond, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, andthe like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, analkynyl group is optionally substituted by one or more of the followingsubstituents: halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, imino, oximo,trimethylsilanyl, —OR^(a), —SR^(a), —OC(O)—R^(a), —N(R^(a))₂,—C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)N(R^(a))₂, —N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a),—OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂, —N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a), —N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is1 or 2) and —S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2) where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), carbocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl).

“Alkylene” or “alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalenthydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group,consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation andhaving from one to twelve carbon atoms, for example, methylene,ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, and the like. The alkylene chain isattached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to theradical group through a single bond. The points of attachment of thealkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group arethrough one carbon in the alkylene chain or through any two carbonswithin the chain. In certain embodiments, an alkylene comprises one toeight carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₈ alkylene). In other embodiments, analkylene comprises one to five carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₅ alkylene). Inother embodiments, an alkylene comprises one to four carbon atoms (e.g.,C₁-C₄ alkylene). In other embodiments, an alkylene comprises one tothree carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₃ alkylene). In other embodiments, analkylene comprises one to two carbon atoms (e.g., C₁-C₂ alkylene). Inother embodiments, an alkylene comprises one carbon atom (e.g., C₁alkylene). In other embodiments, an alkylene comprises five to eightcarbon atoms (e.g., C₅-C₈ alkylene). In other embodiments, an alkylenecomprises two to five carbon atoms (e.g., C₂-C₅ alkylene). In otherembodiments, an alkylene comprises three to five carbon atoms (e.g.,C₃-C₅ alkylene). Unless stated otherwise specifically in thespecification, an alkylene chain is optionally substituted by one ormore of the following substituents: halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo,imino, oximo, trimethylsilanyl, —OR^(a), —SR^(a), —OC(O)—R^(a),—N(R^(a))₂, —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)N(R^(a))₂,—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)—N(R^(a)), —N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and —S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂(where t is 1 or 2) where each R^(a) is independently hydrogen, alkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), carbocyclylalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy,methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heterocyclyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy,methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), or heteroarylalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl).

“Alkenylene” or “alkenylene chain” refers to a straight or brancheddivalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radicalgroup, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least onecarbon-carbon double bond, and having from two to twelve carbon atoms.The alkenylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through asingle bond and to the radical group through a single bond. In certainembodiments, an alkenylene comprises two to eight carbon atoms (e.g.,C₂-C₈ alkenylene). In other embodiments, an alkenylene comprises two tofive carbon atoms (e.g., C₂-C₅ alkenylene). In other embodiments, analkenylene comprises two to four carbon atoms (e.g., C₂-C₄ alkenylene).In other embodiments, an alkenylene comprises two to three carbon atoms(e.g., C₂-C₃ alkenylene). In other embodiments, an alkenylene comprisestwo carbon atoms (e.g., C₂ alkenylene). In other embodiments, analkenylene comprises five to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C₅-C₈alkenylene). In other embodiments, an alkenylene comprises three to fivecarbon atoms (e.g., C₃-C₅ alkenylene). Unless stated otherwisespecifically in the specification, an alkenylene chain is optionallysubstituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano,nitro, oxo, thioxo, imino, oximo, trimethylsilanyl, —OR^(a), —SR^(a),—OC(O)—R^(a), —N(R^(a))₂, —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)N(R^(a)),—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂, —N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and —S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂(where t is 1 or 2) where each R^(a) is independently hydrogen, alkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), carbocyclylalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy,methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heterocyclyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy,methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), or heteroarylalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl).

“Alkynylene” or “alkynylene chain” refers to a straight or brancheddivalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radicalgroup, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least onecarbon-carbon triple bond, and having from two to twelve carbon atoms.The alkynylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through asingle bond and to the radical group through a single bond. In certainembodiments, an alkynylene comprises two to eight carbon atoms (e.g.,C₂-C₈ alkynylene). In other embodiments, an alkynylene comprises two tofive carbon atoms (e.g., C₂-C₅ alkynylene). In other embodiments, analkynylene comprises two to four carbon atoms (e.g., C₂-C₄ alkynylene).In other embodiments, an alkynylene comprises two to three carbon atoms(e.g., C₂-C₃ alkynylene). In other embodiments, an alkynylene comprisestwo carbon atoms (e.g., C₂ alkynylene). In other embodiments, analkynylene comprises five to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C₅-C₈alkynylene). In other embodiments, an alkynylene comprises three to fivecarbon atoms (e.g., C₃-C₅ alkynylene). Unless stated otherwisespecifically in the specification, an alkynylene chain is optionallysubstituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano,nitro, oxo, thioxo, imino, oximo, trimethylsilanyl, —OR^(a), —SR^(a),—OC(O)—R^(a), —N(R^(a))₂, —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)N(R^(a)),—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂, —N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is1 or 2), —S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and —S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂(where t is 1 or 2) where each R^(a) is independently hydrogen, alkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), carbocyclylalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy,methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heterocyclyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy,methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), or heteroarylalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl).

“Aryl” refers to a radical derived from an aromatic monocyclic ormulticyclic hydrocarbon ring system by removing a hydrogen atom from aring carbon atom. The aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic hydrocarbonring system contains only hydrogen and carbon from five to eighteencarbon atoms, where at least one of the rings in the ring system isfully unsaturated, i.e., it contains a cyclic, delocalized (4n+2)π-electron system in accordance with the Hückel theory. The ring systemfrom which aryl groups are derived include, but are not limited to,groups such as benzene, fluorene, indane, indene, tetralin andnaphthalene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification,the term “aryl” or the prefix “ar-” (such as in “aralkyl”) is meant toinclude aryl radicals optionally substituted by one or more substituentsindependently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl,cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedaralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionally substitutedaralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substitutedcarbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, —R^(b)—OR^(a),—R^(b)—OC(O)—R^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—OR^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—C(O)R^(a), —R^(b)—C(O)OR^(a),—R^(b)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—O—R^(c)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—R^(b)—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)R^(a)(where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and—R^(b)—S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2), where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), cycloalkylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl), each R^(b) is independently a direct bond or astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and R^(c) is astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and where each of theabove substituents is unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated.

“Aralkyl” refers to a radical of the formula —R-aryl where R^(C) is analkylene chain as defined above, for example, methylene, ethylene, andthe like. The alkylene chain part of the aralkyl radical is optionallysubstituted as described above for an alkylene chain. The aryl part ofthe aralkyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for anaryl group.

“Aralkenyl” refers to a radical of the formula —R^(d)-aryl where R^(d)is an alkenylene chain as defined above. The aryl part of the aralkenylradical is optionally substituted as described above for an aryl group.The alkenylene chain part of the aralkenyl radical is optionallysubstituted as defined above for an alkenylene group.

“Aralkynyl” refers to a radical of the formula —R^(e)-aryl, where R^(e)is an alkynylene chain as defined above. The aryl part of the aralkynylradical is optionally substituted as described above for an aryl group.The alkynylene chain part of the aralkynyl radical is optionallysubstituted as defined above for an alkynylene chain.

“Aralkoxy” refers to a radical bonded through an oxygen atom of theformula —O—R^(c)-aryl where R^(c) is an alkylene chain as defined above,for example, methylene, ethylene, and the like. The alkylene chain partof the aralkyl radical is optionally substituted as described above foran alkylene chain. The aryl part of the aralkyl radical is optionallysubstituted as described above for an aryl group.

“Carbocyclyl” refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclichydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms,which includes fused or bridged ring systems, having from three tofifteen carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbocyclyl comprisesthree to ten carbon atoms. In other embodiments, a carbocyclyl comprisesfive to seven carbon atoms. The carbocyclyl is attached to the rest ofthe molecule by a single bond. Carbocyclyl is saturated (i.e.,containing single C—C bonds only) or unsaturated (i.e., containing oneor more double bonds or triple bonds). A fully saturated carbocyclylradical is also referred to as “cycloalkyl.” Examples of monocycliccycloalkyls include, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. An unsaturated carbocyclyl isalso referred to as “cycloalkenyl.” Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenylsinclude, e.g., cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, andcyclooctenyl. Polycyclic carbocyclyl radicals include, for example,adamantyl, norbornyl (i.e., bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl), norbornenyl,decalinyl, 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like. Unlessotherwise stated specifically in the specification, the term“carbocyclyl” is meant to include carbocyclyl radicals that areoptionally substituted by one or more substituents independentlyselected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, oxo, thioxo,cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substitutedaralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionally substitutedaralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substitutedcarbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl,optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, —R^(b)—OR^(a),—R^(b)—OC(O)—R^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—OR^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—C(O)R^(a), —R^(b)—C(O)OR^(a),—R^(b)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—O—R^(c)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—R^(b)—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)_(t)R^(a)(where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and—R^(b)—S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2), where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), cycloalkylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl), each R^(b) is independently a direct bond or astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and R^(c) is astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and where each of theabove substituents is unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated.

“Carbocyclylalkyl” refers to a radical of the formula —R^(c)-carbocyclylwhere R^(c) is an alkylene chain as defined above. The alkylene chainand the carbocyclyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above.

“Carbocyclylalkynyl” refers to a radical of the formula—R^(c)-carbocyclyl where R^(c) is an alkynylene chain as defined above.The alkynylene chain and the carbocyclyl radical is optionallysubstituted as defined above.

“Carbocyclylalkoxy” refers to a radical bonded through an oxygen atom ofthe formula —O—R^(c)-carbocyclyl where R_(c) is an alkylene chain asdefined above. The alkylene chain and the carbocyclyl radical isoptionally substituted as defined above.

As used herein, “carboxylic acid bioisostere” refers to a functionalgroup or moiety that exhibits similar physical, biological and/orchemical properties as a carboxylic acid moiety. Examples of carboxylicacid bioisosteres include, but are not limited to,

and the like.

“Halo” or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodosubstituents.

“Fluoroalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that issubstituted by one or more fluoro radicals, as defined above, forexample, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1-fluoromethyl-2-fluoroethyl, and the like. Insome embodiments, the alkyl part of the fluoroalkyl radical isoptionally substituted as defined above for an alkyl group.

“Heterocyclyl” refers to a stable 3- to 18-membered non-aromatic ringradical that comprises two to twelve carbon atoms and from one to sixheteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Unless statedotherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocyclyl radical isa monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, whichoptionally includes fused or bridged ring systems. The heteroatoms inthe heterocyclyl radical are optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogenatoms, if present, are optionally quaternized. The heterocyclyl radicalis partially or fully saturated. The heterocyclyl is attached to therest of the molecule through any atom of the ring(s). Examples of suchheterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl,thienyl[1,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl,imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl,octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl,2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl,piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl,thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl,thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, and1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in thespecification, the term “heterocyclyl” is meant to include heterocyclylradicals as defined above that are optionally substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl,oxo, thioxo, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionallysubstituted aralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionallysubstituted carbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, —R^(b)—OR^(a),—R^(b)—OC(O)—R^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—OR^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—C(O)R^(a), —R^(b)—C(O)OR^(a),—R^(b)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—O—R^(c)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—R^(b)—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)_(t)R^(a)(where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and—R^(b)—S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2), where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), cycloalkylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl), each R^(b) is independently a direct bond or astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and R^(c) is astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and where each of theabove substituents is unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated.

“N-heterocyclyl” or “N-attached heterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclylradical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where thepoint of attachment of the heterocyclyl radical to the rest of themolecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heterocyclyl radical. AnN-heterocyclyl radical is optionally substituted as described above forheterocyclyl radicals. Examples of such N-heterocyclyl radicals include,but are not limited to, 1-morpholinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-piperazinyl,1-pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, and imidazolidinyl.

“C-heterocyclyl” or “C-attached heterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclylradical as defined above containing at least one heteroatom and wherethe point of attachment of the heterocyclyl radical to the rest of themolecule is through a carbon atom in the heterocyclyl radical. AC-heterocyclyl radical is optionally substituted as described above forheterocyclyl radicals. Examples of such C-heterocyclyl radicals include,but are not limited to, 2-morpholinyl, 2- or 3- or 4-piperidinyl,2-piperazinyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, and the like.

“Heterocyclylalkyl” refers to a radical of the formula—R^(c)-heterocyclyl where R^(c) is an alkylene chain as defined above.If the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, theheterocyclyl is optionally attached to the alkyl radical at the nitrogenatom. The alkylene chain of the heterocyclylalkyl radical is optionallysubstituted as defined above for an alkylene chain. The heterocyclylpart of the heterocyclylalkyl radical is optionally substituted asdefined above for a heterocyclyl group.

“Heterocyclylalkoxy” refers to a radical bonded through an oxygen atomof the formula —O—R^(c)-heterocyclyl where R^(c) is an alkylene chain asdefined above. If the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containingheterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl is optionally attached to the alkylradical at the nitrogen atom. The alkylene chain of theheterocyclylalkoxy radical is optionally substituted as defined abovefor an alkylene chain. The heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkoxyradical is optionally substituted as defined above for a heterocyclylgroup.

“Heteroaryl” refers to a radical derived from a 3- to 18-memberedaromatic ring radical that comprises two to seventeen carbon atoms andfrom one to six heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.As used herein, the heteroaryl radical is a monocyclic, bicyclic,tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, wherein at least one of the ringsin the ring system is fully unsaturated, i.e., it contains a cyclic,delocalized (4n+2) π-electron system in accordance with the Hückeltheory. Heteroaryl includes fused or bridged ring systems. Theheteroatom(s) in the heteroaryl radical is optionally oxidized. One ormore nitrogen atoms, if present, are optionally quaternized. Theheteroaryl is attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom ofthe ring(s). Examples of heteroaryls include, but are not limited to,azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzindolyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl,benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzo[d]thiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl,benzo[b][1,4]dioxepinyl, benzo[b][1,4]oxazinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl,benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl,benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl(benzothiophenyl), benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, benzotriazolyl,benzo[4,6]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl,cyclopenta[d]pyrimidinyl,6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl,5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolinyl, 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolinyl,6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyridazinyl, dibenzofuranyl,dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, furo[3,2-c]pyridinyl,5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyrimidinyl,5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyridazinyl,5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyridinyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl,indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl,isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl,5,8-methano-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolinyl, naphthyridinyl,1,6-naphthyridinonyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydrobenzo[h]quinazolinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl,phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl,purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl,pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl,quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolinyl,5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl,6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl,5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,5-c]pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl,thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pridinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e.thienyl). Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, theterm “heteroaryl” is meant to include heteroaryl radicals as definedabove which are optionally substituted by one or more substituentsselected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, haloalkenyl,haloalkynyl, oxo, thioxo, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl,optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl,optionally substituted aralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl,optionally substituted carbocyclylalkyl, optionally substitutedheterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionallysubstituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl,—R^(b)—OR^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—R^(a), —R^(b)—OC(O)—OR^(a),—R^(b)—OC(O)—N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—C(O)R^(a),—R^(b)—C(O)OR^(a), —R^(b)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂, —R^(b)—O—R^(c)—C(O)N(R^(a))₂,—R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)OR^(a), —R^(b)—N(R^(a))C(O)R^(a),—R^(b)—N(R^(a))S(O)_(t)R^(a) (where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)_(t)R^(a)(where t is 1 or 2), —R^(b)—S(O)_(t)OR^(a) (where t is 1 or 2) and—R^(b)—S(O)_(t)N(R^(a))₂ (where t is 1 or 2), where each R^(a) isindependently hydrogen, alkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl(optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), cycloalkylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen,hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aryl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), aralkyl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl),heterocyclyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ortrifluoromethyl), heterocyclylalkyl (optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), heteroaryl (optionallysubstituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl), orheteroarylalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, methoxy,or trifluoromethyl), each R^(b) is independently a direct bond or astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and R^(c) is astraight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and where each of theabove substituents is unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated.

“N-heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined abovecontaining at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment ofthe heteroaryl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogenatom in the heteroaryl radical. An N-heteroaryl radical is optionallysubstituted as described above for heteroaryl radicals.

“C-heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined above and wherethe point of attachment of the heteroaryl radical to the rest of themolecule is through a carbon atom in the heteroaryl radical. AC-heteroaryl radical is optionally substituted as described above forheteroaryl radicals.

“Heteroarylalkyl” refers to a radical of the formula —R^(c)-heteroaryl,where R^(c) is an alkylene chain as defined above. If the heteroaryl isa nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, the heteroaryl is optionally attachedto the alkyl radical at the nitrogen atom. The alkylene chain of theheteroarylalkyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above foran alkylene chain. The heteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkyl radical isoptionally substituted as defined above for a heteroaryl group.

“Heteroarylalkoxy” refers to a radical bonded through an oxygen atom ofthe formula —O—R^(c)-heteroaryl, where R^(c) is an alkylene chain asdefined above. If the heteroaryl is a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl,the heteroaryl is optionally attached to the alkyl radical at thenitrogen atom. The alkylene chain of the heteroarylalkoxy radical isoptionally substituted as defined above for an alkylene chain. Theheteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkoxy radical is optionallysubstituted as defined above for a heteroaryl group.

The compounds disclosed herein, in some embodiments, contain one or moreasymmetric centers and thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, andother stereoisomeric forms that are defined, in terms of absolutestereochemistry, as (R)— or (S)—. Unless stated otherwise, it isintended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds disclosed hereinare contemplated by this disclosure. When the compounds described hereincontain alkene double bonds, and unless specified otherwise, it isintended that this disclosure includes both E and Z geometric isomers(e.g., cis or trans.) Likewise, all possible isomers, as well as theirracemic and optically pure forms, and all tautomeric forms are alsointended to be included. The term “geometric isomer” refers to E or Zgeometric isomers (e.g., cis or trans) of an alkene double bond. Theterm “positional isomer” refers to structural isomers around a centralring, such as ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers around a benzene ring.

A “tautomer” refers to a molecule wherein a proton shift from one atomof a molecule to another atom of the same molecule is possible. Thecompounds presented herein, in certain embodiments, exist as tautomers.In circumstances where tautomerization is possible, a chemicalequilibrium of the tautomers will exist. The exact ratio of thetautomers depends on several factors, including physical state,temperature, solvent, and pH. Some examples of tautomeric equilibriuminclude:

The compounds disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are used indifferent enriched isotopic forms, e.g., enriched in the content of ²H,³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C and/or ¹⁴C. In one particular embodiment, the compound isdeuterated in at least one position. Such deuterated forms can be madeby the procedure described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,846,514 and 6,334,997. Asdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,846,514 and 6,334,997, deuteration canimprove the metabolic stability and or efficacy, thus increasing theduration of action of drugs.

Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are intended toinclude compounds which differ only in the presence of one or moreisotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the presentstructures except for the replacement of a hydrogen by a deuterium ortritium, or the replacement of a carbon by ¹³C- or ¹⁴C-enriched carbonare within the scope of the present disclosure.

The compounds of the present disclosure optionally contain unnaturalproportions of atomic isotopes at one or more atoms that constitute suchcompounds. For example, the compounds may be labeled with isotopes, suchas for example, deuterium (²H), tritium (³H), iodine-125 (¹²⁵I) orcarbon-14 (¹⁴C). Isotopic substitution with ²H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵C, ¹²N,¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁶N, ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁴F, ¹⁵F, ¹⁶F, ¹⁷F, ¹⁸F, ³³S, ³⁴S, ³⁵S, ³⁶S,³⁵Cl, ³⁷Cl, ⁷⁹Br, ⁸¹Br, ¹²⁵I are all contemplated. In some embodiments,isotopic substitution with ¹⁸F is contemplated. All isotopic variationsof the compounds of the present invention, whether radioactive or not,are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have some or allof the ¹H atoms replaced with ²H atoms. The methods of synthesis fordeuterium-containing compounds are known in the art and include, by wayof non-limiting example only, the following synthetic methods.

Deuterium substituted compounds are synthesized using various methodssuch as described in: Dean, Dennis C.; Editor. Recent Advances in theSynthesis and Applications of Radiolabeled Compounds for Drug Discoveryand Development. [Curr., Pharm. Des., 2000; 6(10)] 2000, 110 pp; GeorgeW.; Varma, Rajender S. The Synthesis of Radiolabeled Compounds viaOrganometallic Intermediates, Tetrahedron, 1989, 45(21), 6601-21; andEvans, E. Anthony. Synthesis of radiolabeled compounds, J. Radioanal.Chem., 1981, 64(1-2), 9-32.

Deuterated starting materials are readily available and are subjected tothe synthetic methods described herein to provide for the synthesis ofdeuterium-containing compounds. Large numbers of deuterium-containingreagents and building blocks are available commercially from chemicalvendors, such as Aldrich Chemical Co.

Deuterium-transfer reagents suitable for use in nucleophilicsubstitution reactions, such as iodomethane-d₃ (CD₃I), are readilyavailable and may be employed to transfer a deuterium-substituted carbonatom under nucleophilic substitution reaction conditions to the reactionsubstrate. The use of CD₃I is illustrated, by way of example only, inthe reaction schemes below.

Deuterium-transfer reagents, such as lithium aluminum deuteride(LiAlD₄), are employed to transfer deuterium under reducing conditionsto the reaction substrate. The use of LiAlD₄ is illustrated, by way ofexample only, in the reaction schemes below.

Deuterium gas and palladium catalyst are employed to reduce unsaturatedcarbon-carbon linkages and to perform a reductive substitution of arylcarbon-halogen bonds as illustrated, by way of example only, in thereaction schemes below.

In one embodiment, the compounds disclosed herein contain one deuteriumatom. In another embodiment, the compounds disclosed herein contain twodeuterium atoms. In another embodiment, the compounds disclosed hereincontain three deuterium atoms. In another embodiment, the compoundsdisclosed herein contain four deuterium atoms. In another embodiment,the compounds disclosed herein contain five deuterium atoms. In anotherembodiment, the compounds disclosed herein contain six deuterium atoms.In another embodiment, the compounds disclosed herein contain more thansix deuterium atoms. In another embodiment, the compound disclosedherein is fully substituted with deuterium atoms and contains nonon-exchangeable ¹H hydrogen atoms. In one embodiment, the level ofdeuterium incorporation is determined by synthetic methods in which adeuterated synthetic building block is used as a starting material.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base additionsalts. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of theheteroaromatic RAF inhibitory compounds described herein is intended toencompass any and all pharmaceutically suitable salt forms. Preferredpharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein arepharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and pharmaceuticallyacceptable base addition salts.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those saltswhich retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the freebases, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and whichare formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromicacid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydroiodic acid,hydrofluoric acid, phosphorous acid, and the like. Also included aresalts that are formed with organic acids such as aliphatic mono- anddicarboxylic acids, phenyl-substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxy alkanoicacids, alkanedioic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic and. aromaticsulfonic acids, etc. and include, for example, acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid,oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid,tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid,methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,salicylic acid, and the like. Exemplary salts thus include sulfates,pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, nitrates, phosphates,monohydrogenphosphates, dihydrogenphosphates, metaphosphates,pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates,trifluoroacetates, propionates, caprylates, isobutyrates, oxalates,malonates, succinate suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates,mandelates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates, methylbenzoates,dinitrobenzoates, phthalates, benzenesulfonates, toluenesulfonates,phenylacetates, citrates, lactates, malates, tartrates,methanesulfonates, and the like. Also contemplated are salts of aminoacids, such as arginates, gluconates, and galacturonates (see, forexample, Berge S. M. et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” Journal ofPharmaceutical Science, 66:1-19 (1997)). Acid addition salts of basiccompounds are, in some embodiments, prepared by contacting the free baseforms with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce the saltaccording to methods and techniques with which a skilled artisan isfamiliar.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt” refers to those saltsthat retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the freeacids, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. These saltsare prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base tothe free acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts are, insome embodiments, formed with metals or amines, such as alkali andalkaline earth metals or organic amines. Salts derived from inorganicbases include, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium,ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminumsalts and the like. Salts derived from organic bases include, but arenot limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines,substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines,cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, for example,isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine,tripropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol,2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine,caffeine, procaine, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine,hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, ethylenedianiline,N-methylglucamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines,piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and thelike. See Berge et al., supra.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable solvate” refers to a composition of matterthat is the solvent addition form. In some embodiments, solvates containeither stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of a solvent, andare formed during the process of making with pharmaceutically acceptablesolvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. Hydrates are formed whenthe solvent is water, or alcoholates are formed when the solvent isalcohol. Solvates of compounds described herein are convenientlyprepared or formed during the processes described herein. The compoundsprovided herein optionally exist in either unsolvated as well assolvated forms.

The term “subject” or “patient” encompasses mammals. Examples of mammalsinclude, but are not limited to, any member of the Mammalian class:humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees, and other apes andmonkey species; farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats,swine; domestic animals such as rabbits, dogs, and cats; laboratoryanimals including rodents, such as rats, mice and guinea pigs, and thelike. In one aspect, the mammal is a human.

As used herein, “treatment” or “treating,” or “palliating” or“ameliorating” are used interchangeably. These terms refer to anapproach for obtaining beneficial or desired results including but notlimited to therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. By“therapeutic benefit” is meant eradication or amelioration of theunderlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit isachieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of thephysiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such thatan improvement is observed in the patient, notwithstanding that thepatient is still afflicted with the underlying disorder. Forprophylactic benefit, the compositions are, in some embodiments,administered to a patient at risk of developing a particular disease, orto a patient reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of adisease, even though a diagnosis of this disease has not been made.

The RAF Family of Kinases

The RAF kinases are a family of serine/thronine protein kinasesconstitute core components of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK mitogen activatedprotein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade (also known as the MAPK/ERKpathway), a pathway that mediates signals from cell surface receptors tothe nucleus to regulate cell growth, differentiation and survival. TheRAF proteins are related to retroviral oncogenes and are structurallyconserved from metazoans to mammals, as is the MAPK/ERK pathway. Theirdysregulation leads to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, survival anddedifferentiation. Consequently, RAF kinases are altered orinappropriately activated in a majority of cancers.

The MAPK/ERK signalling pathway is a network of proteins in the cellthat communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell tothe DNA in the nucleus of the cell. The signal starts when a signalingmolecule binds to the receptor on the cell surface and ends when the DNAin the nucleus expresses a protein and produces some change in the cell,such as cell division. The pathway includes many proteins, whichcommunicate by adding phosphate groups to a neighboring protein, whichacts as a molecular “on” or “off” switch, and overall the pathway can bedivided into 3 steps: (i) Ras activation, (ii) a kinase signaltransduction cascade, and (iii) regulation of translation andtranscription. Briefly, an extracellular mitogen or a signaling moleculebinds to the membrane receptor. This allows Ras (a small GTPase) to swapits GDP for a GTP and become active. Activated Ras activates the proteinkinase activity of RAF kinase. RAF kinase phosphorylates and activatesMEK (MEK1 and MEK2). MK then phosphorylates and activates a MAPK (alsoknown as ERK). MAPK activation regulates activities of severaltranscription factors and also alters the translation of mRNA toproteins. By altering the levels and activities of transcriptionfactors, MAPK leads to altered transcription of genes that are importantfor the cell cycle.

There are three known mammalian RAF isoforms: C-RAF (also known asRAF-1, or c-RAF-1), B-RAF, and A-RAF. All RAF kinases share a commonmodular structure consisting of 3 conserved regions (CR1, CR2, and CR3)with distinct functions. CR1 contains (i) a Ras-binding domain (RBD),which is necessary for the interaction with Ras and with membranephospholipids required for membrane recruitment, and (ii) acysteine-rich domain (CRD), which is a secondary Ras-binding site andalso necessary for the interaction of CR1 with the kinase domain for RAFautoinhibition. CR2 contains important inhibitory phosphorylation sitesparticipating in the negative regulation of Ras binding and RAFactivation. CR3 features the kinase domain, including the activationsegment, whose phosphorylation is crucial for kinase activation.

Functionally, the RAF structure can be split into a regulatoryN-terminal region, containing the RBD, which is critical for activationas well as inhibitory phosphorylation sites, and a catalytic C-terminalregion, which includes phosphorylation sites necessary for the kinaseactivation. The regulatory domain restrains the activity of the kinasedomain, and its removal results in constitutive oncogenic activation.However, the activity of the isolated C-RAF kinase domain is subjectedto further regulation and can be stimulated by phorbol esters, v-Src,and phosphorylation.

The common and key step in the activation of all 3 RAF kinase isoformsis membrane recruitment by a Ras family protein. The RAF kinases arelocated in the cytosol in their inactive state when bound to 14-3-3proteins. In the presence of active Ras, they translocate to the plasmamembrane. Membrane translocation triggers further activation events,such as the binding of PP2A to dephosphorylate the inhibitory pS259 sitein RAF-1 (and presumably the corresponding sites in A-RAF and B-RAF) andthe co-localization with the kinases responsible for the multipleactivating phosphorylations. The sequences forming the binding interfaceare well conserved in the RAF as well as Ras family indicating thatseveral members of the Ras family have the ability to bind RAF kinases.H-Ras, N-Ras, and K-Ras stimulate all 3 RAF isoforms and are the onlyRas proteins that activate B-RAF. In contrast, A-RAF is also activatedby R-Ras3, while C-RAF responds weakly to R-Ras3, Rit, and TC21 as well.But, all RAF kinases share MEK1/2 kinases as substrates. MEK1/2 in turnactivate ERK1/2, and this pathway regulates many cellular functions suchas cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, or apoptosis.

C-RAF

C-RAF was first to be identified and is a ubiquitously expressedisoform. In humans, C-RAF is encoded by the RAF1 gene. C-RAF also has aknown splice variant preferentially expressed in the muscle and brain.C-RAF plays a critical role in mediating the cellular effects of growthfactor signals. In the inactive state, C-RAF exists in a closedconformation in which the N-terminal regulatory region folds over andoccludes the catalytic region. This conformation is stabilized by a14-3-3 dimer binding to an N-terminal site, phospho-S259 (pS259), and aC-terminal site, pS621. Dephosphorylation of pS259 at the cell membraneby specific phosphatases (PP2A, PP1) releases 14-3-3 from its N-terminalbinding site in C-RAF, thereby allowing conformational changes to occurthat unmask the RBD and CRD domains in the CR1 region to enable Rasbinding and membrane recruitment.

B-RAF

B-RAF is encoded in humans by the BRAF gene, also known asproto-oncogene B-RAF and v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B.Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple B-RAF isoforms which aredifferentially expressed in various tissues. Whereas activation of A-RAFand C-RAF requires both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of certainresidues, as well as binding to other proteins, B-RAF becomes activatedimmediately upon translocation to the plasma membrane. B-RAF exhibitshigher basal kinase activity than A-RAF and C-RAF. B-RAF requires Rasand 14-3-3 binding for its activation and is inhibited or activated byPKA depending on the levels of 14-3-3 expression, which need to be highfor permitting activation. B-RAF activity is also regulated by splicing.B-RAF isoforms containing exon 8b are more phosphorylated on theinhibitory S365 site, leading to an increased interaction with 14-3-3and strengthening the inhibitory interaction between N-terminalregulatory domain and kinase domain, altogether resulting in lowerkinase activity.

A-RAF

Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-RAF or A-RAF is an enzyme encoded bythe ARAF gene in humans. There are 2 known splice isoforms ofA-RAF-DA-RAF1 and D-RAF2. They lack the kinase domain and act asdominant inhibitory mutants of Ras and ARF GTPases. DA-RAF1 is apositive regulator of myogenic differentiation by mediating theinhibition of the ERK pathway required for differentiation. There areseveral ways A-RAF is different from the other RAF kinases. A-RAF is theonly steroid hormone-regulated Raf isoform. In addition, theA-RAFprotein has amino acid substitutions in a negatively charged regionupstream of the kinase domain (N-region), which contributes to its lowbasal activity. A-RAF is also only weakly activated by oncogenic H-Rasand Src and also displays low kinase activity towards MEK (the lowestkinase activity towards MEK proteins in the Raf kinase family). Inaddition to phosphorylating MEK, A-RAF also inhibits MST2, a tumorsuppressor and pro-apoptotic kinase not found in the MAPK pathway. Byinhibiting MST2, A-RAF prevents apoptosis from occurring. However, thisinhibition only occurs when the splice factor heterogenous nuclearribonucleoprotein H (hnRNP H) maintains the expression of a full-lengthA-RAF protein. Tumorous cells often overexpress hnRNP H which leads tofull-length expression of A-Raf which then inhibits apoptosis, allowingcancerous cells that should be destroyed to stay alive. A-RAF also bindsto pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), again outside the MAPK pathway. PKM2 is anisozyme of pyruvate kinase that is responsible for the Warburg effect incancer cells. A-RAF upregulates the activity of PKM2 by promoting aconformational change in PKM2. This causes PKM2 to transition from itslow-activity dimeric form to a highly active tetrameric form. Thiscauses more glucose carbons to be converted to pyruvate and lactate,producing energy for the cell, linking A-Raf to energy metabolismregulation and cell transformation, both of which are very important intumorigenesis.

RAF Kinase Inhibitors

Aberrant activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway is frequently found invarious cancers and is a target for cancer therapeutics. In particular,B-RAF has emerged as one of the most attractive molecular targets forcancer therapeutics because somatic mutations of B-RAF have frequentlybeen found in human tumors. Approximately 20% of all cancer samplestested to date harbor mutations in B-RAF. B-RAF-V600E, a missensemutation in the kinase domain generated by the substitution of glutamicacid with valine at position 600 is the most common B-RAF mutation.C-RAF is mutated in ˜1% of the various tumor types tested and the rateof mutations in A-RAF is even lower. B-RAF and C-RAF form both homo- andheterodimers as part of their activation mechanism and A-RAF stabilizesthe B-RAF:C-RAF complexes to sustain signaling efficiency. Also, it isC-RAF, not B-RAF, that transmits signals from oncogenic RAS to MEK.Therefore, in different contexts, each of the RAF isoforms act as apotential therapeutic target.

Sorafenib was the first RAF inhibitor to enter clinical trials.Sorafenib is a broad specificity drug that inhibits additional kinases,including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2and VEGFR-3), platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-band KIT) and FLT3. Clinical trials showed no correlation between theclinical responses with B-RAF mutation status, indicating it is a poorinhibitor of B-RAF. This led to the development of a new generation ofB-RAF inhibitors, including, but not limited to vemurafenib, SB-590885,and dabrafenib (GSK2118436). Although the initial results of theclinical studies in B-RAF-mutant melanoma were encouraging, as clinicaltesting began in other B-RAF-mutated cancers (such as thyroid andcolorectal cancers) it became apparent that tumors of different celltypes harboring B-RAF mutations responded differently to selective B-RAFinhibition. Moreover, the existence of both primary and secondaryresistance to RAF inhibition poses one of the greatest challenges to theprogress of RAF kinase inhibitor therapy. The mechanisms of resistancefall into two broad categories. Intrinsic/primary resistance isdisplayed by approximately 50% of patients. The other 50% of thepatients initially respond (>30% tumor shrinkage) to RAF inhibitor butsubsequently develop progressive disease associated withacquired/secondary resistance to RAF inhibitor. These two categories arenot mutually exclusive because nearly all responders have remainingdisease and, thus, may display intrinsic resistance. The determinants ofprimary RAF inhibitor resistance seem to vary with tumor type, withalteration in RTK signaling also being involved. Potential mechanisms ofsecondary B-RAF inhibitor resistance include, but are not limited to,reactivation of ERK1/2 pathways, upregulation of RTK signaling, theupregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, mutations in RAS, andupregulation of COT. B-Raf alternative splicing and amplification ofB-RAF-V600E have also been implicated in 30 and 20% of patients,respectively. Moreover, RAF kinase inhibitors cause paradoxicalactivation of the MAPK pathway, which, in some instances, leads to thedevelopment of secondary RAS mutation-driven malignancies. As such,there is a need in the field for new RAF kinase inhibitors that overcomethe existing pitfalls and challenges posed by the current inhibitors.

Heteroaromatic RAF Inhibitory Compounds

In one aspect, provided herein is a heteroaromatic RAF inhibitorycompound.

One embodiment provides a compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, having the structure of Formula (I):

wherein,

-   -   V is hydrogen, halogen, —CN, optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl,        -CD₃, optionally substituted C1-C4 alkoxy, optionally        substituted C1-C4 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C1-C4        alkynyl;    -   U is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, -CD₃,        optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted        cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally        substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted        heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaralkyl group,        optionally substituted —COalkyl, optionally substituted        —COcycloalkyl;    -   X is N, C—H, C-D, or C—F    -   R² is H, D or F;    -   R⁴ is halogen, optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl, -CD₃, or        optionally substituted C1-C3 alkoxy;    -   R⁶ is H, D, Cl or F;    -   Z is selected from:

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl); andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 0, 1, or 2; n1 is 0, 1,or 2 provided both m1 and n1 are not both 0; p is 0, 1, or 2; and q is0, 1 or 2;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂,CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 1, or 2; p is 0, 1, 2,or 3; W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CHR¹¹—, —CH₂—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CHR¹¹—CH₂—,—C(R¹¹)₂—CH₂—, —NH—CH₂—, —NH—CHR¹¹—, —NH—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CH₂—NH—, —CHR¹¹—NH—,—C(R¹¹)₂—NH—, —N(R¹¹)—CH₂—, —N(R¹¹)—CHR¹¹—, —N(R¹¹)—C(R¹¹)₂—,—CH₂—N(R¹¹)—, —CHR¹¹—N(R¹¹)—, —C(R¹¹)₂—N(R¹¹)—; each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo; and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, oroptionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂,CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂ each R¹¹ is independently selected from amino,alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substitutedC1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionallysubstituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl,optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substitutedheterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups together form an oxo; and R¹² andR¹³ are each independently selected from H, or optionally substitutedC1-C6 alkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 provided both m and n arenot both 0; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups together form an oxo;

wherein m is 1, 2, or 3; n is 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, or 2; and each R¹³or R¹⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CN, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;each R¹¹ is independently selected from —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2; and q is 0, 1 or 2; W is 0, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; and each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two geminal R¹¹ groupstogether form an oxo; or

(i) optionally substituted heteroaryl group.

One embodiment provides a compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, of Formula (I) having the structure of Formula (Ia):

wherein,

V is H or Me;

U is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedcycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionallysubstituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl,optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substitutedheteroaralkyl group;

X is N, C—H, C-D, or C—F

R² is H, D or F;

R⁴ is halogen, optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl, -CD₃, or optionallysubstituted C1-C3 alkoxy;

R⁶ is H, D, Cl or F;

Z is selected from:

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl); andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 0, 1, or 2; n1 is 0, 1,or 2 provided both m1 and n1 are not both 0; p is 0, 1, or 2; and q is0, 1 or 2;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂,CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 1, or 2; p is 0, 1, 2,or 3; W is 0, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CHR¹¹—, —CH₂—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CHR¹¹—CH₂—,—C(R¹¹)₂—CH₂—, —NH—CH₂—, —NH—CHR¹¹—, —NH—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CH₂—NH—, —CHR¹¹—NH—,—C(R¹¹)₂—NH—, —N(R¹¹)—CH₂—, —N(R¹¹)—CHR¹¹—, —N(R¹¹)—C(R¹¹)₂—,—CH₂—N(R¹¹)—, —CHR¹¹—N(R¹¹)—, —C(R¹¹)₂—N(R¹¹)—; each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo; and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, oroptionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂,CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂;each R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo;and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, or optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 provided both m and n arenot both 0; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups together form an oxo;

wherein m is 1, 2, or 3; n is 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, or 2; and each R¹³or R¹⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CN, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;each R¹¹ is independently selected from —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl;

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2; and q is 0, 1 or 2; W is 0, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; and each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two geminal R¹¹ groupstogether form an oxo; or (i) optionally substituted heteroaryl group.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein V is H. Oneembodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein V is Me.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X is N. Oneembodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X is C—H.One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X is C—F.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R² is H.One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R² is F.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁴ ishalogen. One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁴ isoptionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl. One embodiment provides the compoundof Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein R⁴ is methyl.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁶ is H.One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁶ is F.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein U isoptionally substituted alkyl. One embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein U is optionally substituted cycloalkyl. One embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein U is optionally substitutedcycloalkylalkyl. One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Uis optionally substituted heterocyclyl. One embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein U is optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl.One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein U isoptionally substituted heteroaryl. One embodiment provides the compoundof Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein U is optionally substituted heteroaralkyl group.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl; or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo. One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein mis 0. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia),or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein m is 1.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein m is 2.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein m is 3.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein p is 0.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein p is 1.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein p is 2.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein p is 1.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R¹¹ isoptionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, whereinthe optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl is substituted with at least a halogen.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl); andeach R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Wis O. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia),or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein W is S.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein m is 1, andn is 1. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia),or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein m is 1,and n is 2. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, whereinR¹¹ is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula(I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,wherein R¹¹ is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and the optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl is substituted with atleast a halogen.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2;m1 is 0, 1, or 2; n1 is 0, 1, or 2 provided both m1 and n1 are not both0; p is 0, 1, or 2; and q is 0, 1 or 2; W is O, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N(optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; and eachR¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein mis 1, and n is 1. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula(I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,wherein m is 0, and n is 2. Another embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein m1 is 0, and n1 is 2. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein m1 is 1, and n1 is 1. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein W is O. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein W is CH₂. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein W is CHR¹¹. Anotherembodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein W isC(R¹¹)₂. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, whereinR¹¹ is halogen and q is 1.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 1, or 2; p is 0, 1, 2,or 3; W is 0, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, —CH—CH₂—, —CH₂—CHR¹¹—, —CH₂—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CHR¹¹—CH₂—,—C(R¹¹)₂—CH₂—, —NH—CH₂—, —NH—CHR¹¹—, —NH—C(R¹¹)₂—, —CH₂—NH—, —CHR¹¹—NH—,—C(R¹¹)₂—NH—, —N(R¹¹)—CH₂—, —N(R¹¹)—CHR¹¹—, —N(R¹¹)—C(R¹¹)₂—,—CH₂—N(R¹¹)—, —CHR¹¹—N(R¹¹)—, —C(R¹¹)₂—N(R¹¹)—; each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups togetherform an oxo; and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, oroptionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein m is 0, n is 1, and ml is 1; and W is —O—CH₂—,or —CH₂—O—.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; ml is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2; W is 0, S, S(O), S02, NH or N (optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl), CH2, CHR11, or C(R¹¹)₂; each R¹¹ is independently selected fromamino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH, halogen, optionally substitutedC1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl,optionally substituted —SO2alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two R¹¹ groups together form an oxo;and R¹² and R¹³ are each independently selected from H, or optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. Another embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein W is O. Another embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein W is CH2, or CHR11. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein m1 is 0. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein ml is 1. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein m is 1 and n is 1. Another embodiment providesthe compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, wherein m is 1 and n is 0. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein m is 0 and n is 1.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

m herein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 provided both m and nare not both 0; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and each R¹¹ is independentlyselected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH, halogen, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionallysubstituted heterocyclylalkyl. Another embodiment provides the compoundof Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein m is 1, and n is 1. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein m is 1, and n is 2. Another embodiment providesthe compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, wherein p is 1. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein p is 2. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein p is 0. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein at least one R¹¹ is attached to an alkenecarbon. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia),or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein at leastone R¹¹ is not attached to an alkene carbon. Another embodiment providesthe compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, wherein R¹¹ is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl,or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 1, 2, or 3; n is 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, or 2; and each R¹³or R¹⁴ is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, —CN, optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;each R¹¹ is independently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,—OH, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl. Another embodiment providesthe compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, wherein m is 2, and n is 1. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein p is 0. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein p is 1. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein one of R¹³ or R¹⁴ is nothydrogen. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, whereinone of R¹³ or R¹⁴ is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. Anotherembodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R¹³ isoptionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein R¹⁴ is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is

wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1, or 2; m1 is 0, 1, or 2; p is 0, 1,or 2; and q is 0, 1 or 2; W is 0, S, S(O), SO₂, NH or N (optionallysubstituted C1-C6 alkyl), CH₂, CHR¹¹, or C(R¹¹)₂; and each R¹¹ isindependently selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, —OH,halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substitutedC3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, optionallysubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted —SO₂alkyl, optionallysubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl,or optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, or two geminal R¹¹ groupstogether form an oxo. Another embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein W is O. Another embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein m is 2, and n is 1. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein ml is 1 or 2. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein p is 0 or 1, and q is 0 or 1.

One embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein Z is anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein Z is an optionally substitutednitrogen-containing heteroaryl group. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein the optionally substituted nitrogen-containingheteroaryl group is an optionally substituted monocyclicnitrogen-containing heteroaryl group. Another embodiment provides thecompound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein the optionally substituted monocyclicnitrogen-containing heteroaryl group is a 5-membered optionallysubstituted monocyclic nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group. Anotherembodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the5-membered optionally substituted monocyclic nitrogen-containingheteroaryl group is selected from an optionally substituted pyrrole,optionally substituted oxazole, optionally substituted thiazole,optionally substituted imidazole, optionally substituted pyrazole,optionally substituted isoxazole, or optionally substituted isothiazole.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the5-membered optionally substituted monocyclic nitrogen-containingheteroaryl group is an optionally substituted pyrazole. Anotherembodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein theoptionally substituted monocyclic nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groupis a 6-membered optionally substituted monocyclic nitrogen-containingheteroaryl group. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula(I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,wherein the 6-membered optionally substituted monocyclicnitrogen-containing heteroaryl group is selected from an optionallysubstituted pyridine, optionally substituted pyridazine, optionallysubstituted pyrimidine, optionally substituted pyrazine or optionallysubstituted triazene. Another embodiment provides the compound ofFormula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvatethereof, wherein the 6-membered optionally substituted monocyclicnitrogen-containing heteroaryl group is an optionally substitutedpyridine. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, whereinthe optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group issubstituted with a halogen, or an optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl.Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), orpharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein theoptionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl is an optionally substituted C1-C2alkyl. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia),or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein theoptionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl is an optionally substituted C1alkyl. Another embodiment provides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia),or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein theoptionally substituted C1 alkyl is a —CF₃ group. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the optionally substitutedpyridine is substituted with at least a —CF₃ group. Another embodimentprovides the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the optionally substitutedpyridine is a 2-trifluoromethylpyridin-4-yl group.

In some embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compoundas described herein has a structure provided in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Synthetic Chemistry Example Compound Structure Compound Name  1

(5)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl- 2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 2

(R)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl- 2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 3

N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide 4 and 5

  (3R)-N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3- [(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolidine- 1-carboxamideAnd (3S)-N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3- [(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolidine- 1-carboxamide

 6

N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide  7

N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine-4-carboxamide 8 and 9

  (3R)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7- methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3- (trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamideand and (3S)-N-[2-fluoro- 4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide

10

(2R)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7- methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide11

(2S)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7- methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide12

(2R)-N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide 13

(2S)-N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide 14

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 15

7,7-difluoro-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-2-carboxamide 16

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5- dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide17 and 18

  (R)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl- 2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide and (S)-N-(2-fluoro-4- methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide

19 and 20

  (R)-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide and(S)-N-(4-methyl-3- (7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

21

3-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 22 and 23

  (R)-2-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4- methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 6-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide and (S)-2-(tert-butyl)-N- (2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 6-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide

24

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)- carboxamide 25 and 26

  (R)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl- 2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide and (S)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide

27

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)picolinamide 28

(S)-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-(2-fluoro- 4-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide 29

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 30 and 31

  (R)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide and(S)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide

32

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide 33

3-chloro-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 34

2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 35

N-(3-(2-(ethylamino)-7- methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 36

N-(3-(7-ethyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 37

N-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-7- methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 38

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2- morpholinoethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 39

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2- (pyrrolidin-1- yl)ethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 40

N-(3-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-7- methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 41

3-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 42

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((1- methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6- yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 43

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- ((trideuteromethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 44

N-(6-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 45

N-(6-methyl-5-(2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 46

N-(6-methyl-5-(2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 47

2-methyl-N-(6-methyl-5-(2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide 48

N-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 49

N-(3-(2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)- 7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 50

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4- carboxamide 51

(3R)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7- methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide 52

2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]pyridine-4-carboxamide 53

N-[4-methyl-3-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 54 and 55

  (3R)-N-[4-methyl-3-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]3(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine- 1-carboxamide and (3S)-N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide

56

(3S)-N-[4-methyl-3-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3- (trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 57

(2S)-N-[4-methyl-3-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide 58

(2S)-N-[4-methyl-3-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide 59

(3S)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethoxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide 60

(3R)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3- (trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 61

(2S)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide 62

(2R)-N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)morpholine-4- carboxamide 63

(3S)-N-[6-methyl-5-[2- methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]pyridin-3-yl]-3- (trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide 64

N-[3-[7-chloro-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-4- carboxamide 65

N-[3-[7-ethenyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 66

N-[3-[7-ethyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 67

N-[3-[7-ethynyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 68

N-[3-[7-methoxy-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 69

N-[3-[7-ethoxy-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 70

N-[3-[7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 71

N-(3-(7-(methoxy-d₃)-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 72

N-[3-[7-cyano-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 73

N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7- (trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4- carboxamide 74

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-(methyl-d₃)-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 75

N-(4-methyl-3-(7-(methyl-d₃)-2- ((methyl-d₃)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide 76

4-([4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate 77

(3S)-N-[3-[7-cyano-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide 78

(3R)-N-[3-[7-cyano-2- (methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3- (trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1- carboxamide

In some embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compoundas described herein has a structure provided in Table 2A, wherein Z isselected from a substituent illustrated in Table 2B.

TABLE 2A

TABLE 2B

In some embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compoundas described herein has a structure provided in Table 3A, wherein W isselected from a substituent illustrated in Table 3B.

TABLE 3A

TABLE 3B

Preparation of Compounds

The compounds used in the reactions described herein are made accordingto organic synthesis techniques known to those skilled in this art,starting from commercially available chemicals and/or from compoundsdescribed in the chemical literature. “Commercially available chemicals”are obtained from standard commercial sources including Acros Organics(Pittsburgh, Pa.), Aldrich Chemical (Milwaukee, Wis., including SigmaChemical and Fluka), Apin Chemicals Ltd. (Milton Park, UK), AvocadoResearch (Lancashire, U.K.), BDH Inc. (Toronto, Canada), Bionet(Cornwall, U.K.), Chemservice Inc. (West Chester, Pa.), CrescentChemical Co. (Hauppauge, N.Y.), Eastman Organic Chemicals, Eastman KodakCompany (Rochester, N.Y.), Fisher Scientific Co. (Pittsburgh, Pa.),Fisons Chemicals (Leicestershire, UK), Frontier Scientific (Logan,Utah), ICN Biomedicals, Inc. (Costa Mesa, Calif.), Key Organics(Cornwall, U.K.), Lancaster Synthesis (Windham, N.H.), MaybridgeChemical Co. Ltd. (Cornwall, U.K.), Parish Chemical Co. (Orem, Utah),Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc. (Waterbury, Conn.), Polyorganix (Houston, Tex.),Pierce Chemical Co. (Rockford, Ill.), Riedel de Haen AG (Hanover,Germany), Spectrum Quality Product, Inc. (New Brunswick, N.J.), TCIAmerica (Portland, Oreg.), Trans World Chemicals, Inc. (Rockville, Md.),and Wako Chemicals USA, Inc. (Richmond, Va.).

Suitable reference books and treatise that detail the synthesis ofreactants useful in the preparation of compounds described herein, orprovide references to articles that describe the preparation, includefor example, “Synthetic Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NewYork; S. R. Sandler et al., “Organic Functional Group Preparations,” 2ndEd., Academic Press, New York, 1983; H. O. House, “Modern SyntheticReactions”, 2nd Ed., W. A. Benjamin, Inc. Menlo Park, Calif. 1972; T. L.Gilchrist, “Heterocyclic Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NewYork, 1992; J. March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanismsand Structure”, 4th Ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1992. Additionalsuitable reference books and treatise that detail the synthesis ofreactants useful in the preparation of compounds described herein, orprovide references to articles that describe the preparation, includefor example, Fuhrhop, J. and Penzlin G. “Organic Synthesis: Concepts,Methods, Starting Materials”, Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition(1994) John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3-527-29074-5; Hoffman, R. V. “OrganicChemistry, An Intermediate Text” (1996) Oxford University Press, ISBN0-19-509618-5; Larock, R. C. “Comprehensive Organic Transformations: AGuide to Functional Group Preparations” 2nd Edition (1999) Wiley-VCH,ISBN: 0-471-19031-4; March, J. “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions,Mechanisms, and Structure” 4th Edition (1992) John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:0-471-60180-2; Otera, J. (editor) “Modern Carbonyl Chemistry” (2000)Wiley-VCH, ISBN: 3-527-29871-1; Patai, S. “Patai's 1992 Guide to theChemistry of Functional Groups” (1992) Interscience ISBN: 0-471-93022-9;Solomons, T. W. G. “Organic Chemistry” 7th Edition (2000) John Wiley &Sons, ISBN: 0-471-19095-0; Stowell, J. C., “Intermediate OrganicChemistry” 2nd Edition (1993) Wiley-Interscience, ISBN: 0-471-57456-2;“Industrial Organic Chemicals: Starting Materials and Intermediates: AnUllmann's Encyclopedia” (1999) John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 3-527-29645-X,in 8 volumes; “Organic Reactions” (1942-2000) John Wiley & Sons, in over55 volumes; and “Chemistry of Functional Groups” John Wiley & Sons, in73 volumes.

Specific and analogous reactants are optionally identified through theindices of known chemicals prepared by the Chemical Abstract Service ofthe American Chemical Society, which are available in most public anduniversity libraries, as well as through on-line databases (contact theAmerican Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. for more details). Chemicalsthat are known but not commercially available in catalogs are optionallyprepared by custom chemical synthesis houses, where many of the standardchemical supply houses (e.g., those listed above) provide customsynthesis services. A reference useful for the preparation and selectionof pharmaceutical salts of the compounds described herein is P. H. Stahl& C. G. Wermuth “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts”, Verlag HelveticaChimica Acta, Zurich, 2002.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

In certain embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitorycompound described herein is administered as a pure chemical. In otherembodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compound describedherein is combined with a pharmaceutically suitable or acceptablecarrier (also referred to herein as a pharmaceutically suitable (oracceptable) excipient, physiologically suitable (or acceptable)excipient, or physiologically suitable (or acceptable) carrier) selectedon the basis of a chosen route of administration and standardpharmaceutical practice as described, for example, in Remington: TheScience and Practice of Pharmacy (Gennaro, 21^(st) Ed. Mack Pub. Co.,Easton, Pa. (2005)).

Provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least oneheteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compound as described herein, or astereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvatethereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.The carrier(s) (or excipient(s)) is acceptable or suitable if thecarrier is compatible with the other ingredients of the composition andnot deleterious to the recipient (i.e., the subject or the patient) ofthe composition.

One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising apharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a compound of Formula (I) or(Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

One embodiment provides a method of preparing a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising mixing a compound of Formula (I) or (Ia), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In certain embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitorycompound as described by Formula (I) or (Ia), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, is substantially pure, in that itcontains less than about 5%, or less than about 1%, or less than about0.1%, of other organic small molecules, such as unreacted intermediatesor synthesis by-products that are created, for example, in one or moreof the steps of a synthesis method.

Suitable oral dosage forms include, for example, tablets, pills,sachets, or capsules of hard or soft gelatin, methylcellulose or ofanother suitable material easily dissolved in the digestive tract. Insome embodiments, suitable nontoxic solid carriers are used whichinclude, for example, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose,starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talcum, cellulose,glucose, sucrose, magnesium carbonate, and the like. (See, e.g.,Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Gennaro, 21^(st) Ed.Mack Pub. Co., Easton, Pa. (2005)).

In some embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compoundas described by Formula (I) or (Ia), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, is formulated for administration by injection. Insome instances, the injection formulation is an aqueous formulation. Insome instances, the injection formulation is a non-aqueous formulation.In some instances, the injection formulation is an oil-basedformulation, such as sesame oil, or the like.

The dose of the composition comprising at least one heteroaromatic RAFkinase inhibitory compound as described herein differs depending uponthe subject or patient's (e.g., human) condition. In some embodiments,such factors include general health status, age, and other factors.

Pharmaceutical compositions are administered in a manner appropriate tothe disease to be treated (or prevented). An appropriate dose and asuitable duration and frequency of administration will be determined bysuch factors as the condition of the patient, the type and severity ofthe patient's disease, the particular form of the active ingredient, andthe method of administration. In general, an appropriate dose andtreatment regimen provides the composition(s) in an amount sufficient toprovide therapeutic and/or prophylactic benefit (e.g., an improvedclinical outcome, such as more frequent complete or partial remissions,or longer disease-free and/or overall survival, or a lessening ofsymptom severity. Optimal doses are generally determined usingexperimental models and/or clinical trials. The optimal dose dependsupon the body mass, weight, or blood volume of the patient.

Oral doses typically range from about 1.0 mg to about 1000 mg, one tofour times, or more, per day.

Methods of Treatment

One embodiment provides a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in a method of treatment ofthe human or animal body.

One embodiment provides a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in a method of treatment ofcancer or neoplastic disease.

One embodiment provides a use of a compound of Formula (I), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in the manufactureof a medicament for the treatment of cancer or neoplastic disease.

In some embodiments, described herein is a method of treating cancer ina patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient acompound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof. In some embodiments, described herein is a method oftreating cancer in a patient in need thereof comprising administering tothe patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound ofFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, thecancer is breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreaticcancer, prostate cancer, or lung cancer.

One embodiment provides a compound of Formula (Ia), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in a methodof treatment of the human or animal body.

One embodiment provides a compound of Formula (Ia), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in a methodof treatment of cancer or neoplastic disease.

One embodiment provides a use of a compound of Formula (Ia), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in the manufactureof a medicament for the treatment of cancer or neoplastic disease.

In some embodiments, described herein is a method of treating cancer ina patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient acompound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof. In some embodiments, described herein is a method oftreating cancer in a patient in need thereof comprising administering tothe patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound ofFormula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof,and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, thecancer is breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreaticcancer, prostate cancer, or lung cancer.

Provided herein is the method wherein the pharmaceutical composition isadministered orally. Provided herein is the method wherein thepharmaceutical composition is administered by injection.

Other embodiments and uses will be apparent to one skilled in the art inlight of the present disclosures. The following examples are providedmerely as illustrative of various embodiments and shall not be construedto limit the invention in any way.

EXAMPLES I. Chemical Synthesis

In some embodiments, the heteroaromatic RAF kinase inhibitory compoundsdisclosed herein are synthesized according to the following examples. Asused below, and throughout the description of the invention, thefollowing abbreviations, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understoodto have the following meanings:

-   ° C. degrees Celsius-   δ_(H) chemical shift in parts per million downfield from    tetramethylsilane-   DCM dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂)-   DMF dimethylformamide-   DMSO dimethylsulfoxide-   EA ethyl acetate-   ESI electrospray ionization-   Et ethyl-   g gram(s)-   h hour(s)-   HPLC high performance liquid chromatography-   Hz hertz-   J coupling constant (in NMR spectrometry)-   LCMS liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-   μ micro-   m multiplet (spectral); meter(s); milli-   M molar-   M⁺ parent molecular ion-   Me methyl-   MHz megahertz-   min minute(s)-   mol mole(s); molecular (as in mol wt)-   mL milliliter-   MS mass spectrometry-   nm nanometer(s)-   NMR nuclear magnetic resonance-   pH potential of hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or basicity of an    aqueous solution-   PE petroleum ether-   RT room temperature-   s singlet (spectral)-   t triplet (spectral)-   T temperature-   TFA trifluoroacetic acid-   THE tetrahydrofuran

Intermediate 1:2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline

To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluoro-4-methylaniline (2.0 g, 9.8 mmol),4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (2.7 g, 10.8mmol) and KOAc (2.9 g, 29.4 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was addedPd(dppf)Cl₂ (359 mg, 0.49 mmol) under N₂, and the mixture was stirred at100° C. for 16 h. The reaction was cooled down to RT and the mixture wasfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated to give2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline(crude), which was used in the next step without any furtherpurification. MS Calcd.: 251, MS Found: 252 ([M+H]⁺).

Intermediate 2:N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline(800 mg, 3.19 mmol) and ditrichloromethyl carbonate (378.16 mg, 1.27mmol) in THE (40 mL) was added DIEA (2.63 mL, 20.37 mmol) dropwise at 0°C. After stirring for 0.5 h, 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidinehydrochloride (559.37 mg, 3.19 mmol) in THE (1 mL) was added to thereaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at ambienttemperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography,eluted with 33% EA in PE. The fractions contained desired product wereconcentrated to affordN-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.928 g, 64%) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated forC₁₉H₂₅BF₄N₂O₃ [M+H]⁺, 417.19, found 417.15. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.34 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 3.81-3.53(m, 4H), 3.06-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s,12H).

Intermediate 3: 7-Methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate

Step 1

To a solution of NaOH (4.13 g, 103.43 mmol) in water (56.00 mL) wereadded 4-amino-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (7.00 g, 41.37mmol) and acetone alcohol (3.68 g, 49.65 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 40° C. for 16 h. The resulting mixture was cooled to 5˜10° C.To the above mixture was added HCl (105 mL, 1 M in water) drop wisebelow 15° C. (pH=3˜4). The reaction mixture was stirred at 10-15° C. for1 h and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water (10 mL) anddried under reduced pressure at 55° C. for 16 h to provide7-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-ol (8.00 g, 93%) asa brown solid. MS ESI calculated for C₉H₉N₃OS [M+H]⁺, 208.05, found208.15. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 10.86 (s, 1H), 9.29 (s, 1H), 7.55(s, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H).

Step 2

To a stirred solution of7-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-ol (8.00 g, 38.60mmol) in DCM (160.00 mL) was added pyridine (12.21 g, 154.40 mmol) below20° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to −5˜0° C. To the above mixturewas added a solution of triflic anhydride (16.33 g, 57.90 mmol) in DCM(80 mL) drop wise below 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C.for 2 h. The resulting mixture was quenched with HCl (80 mL, 2M inwater) and washed with water (20 mL×2). To the organic layer was added 5g of silica gel. The resulting mixture was stirred at 10-20° C. for 1 hand filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with PE (40 mL) at10-20° C. for 2 h and filtered. The filter cake was dried under reducedpressure to provide7-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (11.00 g, 84%) as a brown solid. MS ESIcalculated for C₁₀H₈F₃N₃O₃S₂[M+H]⁺, 340.00, found 340.00. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.20 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H).

Step 3

To a solution of 7-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethane sulfonate (10.00 g, 29.47 mmol) in DCM (200.00 mL) wasadded m-CPBA (5.98 g, 29.472 mmol, 85%) in portions below 5° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h. To the above mixture wasadded methylamine (44.21 mL, 88.416 mmol) (2 M in THF) drop wise below10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0-10° C. for 3 h. Theresulting mixture was diluted with DCM (100 mL) and washed with water(50 mL×5). The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was slurried by DCM/PE (1:5) (200 mL) at 20° C. for 1 h andfiltered. The filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to provide7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (5.56 g, 58%) as a light yellow solid. MS ESIcalculated for C₁₀H₉F₃N₄O₃S [M+H]⁺, 323.03, found 323.00. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H),2.76 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 4:N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a mixture of tert-butyl 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.60 g,3.20 mmol), tetrabutylammonium iodide (14.2 g, 38.45 mmol, 12.00 equiv),KI (4.2 g, 25.64 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was added[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]silver (892.68 mg, 4.27 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred for 16 h at 120° C. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography, eluted with EA/PE (0 to 15%). The fractionscontained desired product were combined and concentrated to affordtert-butyl 3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1 g,crude) as brown oil. MS ESI calculated for C₁₀H₁₆F₃NO₂S [M+H−t-Bu]⁺,216.09, found 215.95.

Step 2

To a mixture of tert-butyl3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 3.69mmol) in MeOH (4.00 mL) was added HCl (gas) in 1,4-dioxane (4.00 mL,131.65 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to afford 3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolidinehydrochloride (1 g, crude) as brown oil. The crude product was useddirectly to next step without further purification. MS ESI calculatedfor C₅H₉ClF₃NS [M+H−HCl]⁺, 172.03, found 172.05.

Intermediate 5:4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-N-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]ethenyl]aniline

To a stirred solution of 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(1.23 g, 6.43 mmol) and HATU (3.26 g, 8.58 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) wereadded TEA (2.38 mL, 23.57 mmol) and4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (1 g,4.29 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wasstirred for 1.5 h at ambient temperature. The resulting mixture wasdiluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EA (3×80 mL). The combinedorganic layers was washed with brine (5×40 mL), dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography,eluted with 25% EA in PE. The fraction contained desired product werecombined and concentrated to afford4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-N-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]ethenyl]aniline(1.45 g, 83%) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₃₀H₃₉F₃N₄O₅[M+H]⁺, 407.17, found 406.90. H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.93 (s, 1H),8.12 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.23 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H),1.37 (s, 12H). F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −68.01.

Intermediate 6: 2-(ethylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate

The title compound was prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Intermediate 3 using ethylamine instead of methylamine toafford the title compound as a solid.

Intermediate 7:2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate

The title compound was prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Intermediate 3 using ethanolamine instead of methylamine toafford the title compound as a solid.

Intermediate 8:N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline(0.80 g, 3.19 mmol) and ditrichloromethyl carbonate (0.38 g, 1.27 mmol)in THF (40 mL) was added DIEA (2.63 mL, 20.37 mmol) dropwise at 0° C.After stirring for 0.5 h, 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride(0.56 g, 3.19 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added to the above mixture. Thereaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at ambient temperature. Theresulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with 33% EA inPE. The fractions contained desired product were combined andconcentrated to affordN-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.928 g, 64) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated forC₉H₂₅BF₄N₂O₃[M+H]⁺, 417.19, found 417.15. H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.34(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 3.81-3.53 (m,4H), 3.06-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 12H).

The compounds in Table 4 were prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Intermediate 8 using appropriate starting materials.

TABLE 4 Exact Mass Intermediate Structure IUPAC Name [M + H]⁺  9

(2R)-N-[2-fluoro-4- methyl-5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) morpholine-4-carboxamide Calc'd 433.18, found 433.10 10

(2S)-N-[2-fluoro-4- methyl-5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) morpholine-4-carboxamide Calc'd 433.18, found 433.55 11

(2R)-N-[4-methyl-3- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) morpholine- 4-carboxamide Calc'd 415.19;found 415.25 12

(2S)-N-[4-methyl-3- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) morpholine- 4-carboxamide Calc'd 415.19;found 414.80 13

N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) pyrrolidine- 1-carboxamide Calc'd433.18, found 433.10 14

N-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl]-3-[(trifluoromethyl) sulfanyl]pyrrolidine- 1-carboxamide Calc'd 431.17,found 431.15 15

(3R)-N-[2-fluoro-4- methyl-5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl]-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide Calc'd 447.20, found 447.20

The compounds in Table 5 were prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Intermediate 5 using appropriate starting materials.

TABLE 5 Exact Mass Intermediate Structure IUPAC Name [M + H]⁺ 16

N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine- 4-carboxamide Calc'd 425.16,found 425.20 17

2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-N- [4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)phenyl]pyridine-4- carboxamide Calc'd 403.19, found403.15

Intermediate 18:6-bromo-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylguanidine hydrochloride

To a stirred solution of pyrazole-1-carboximidamide hydrochloride (48.00g, 327.47 mmol) and [(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amine (49.52 g,327.47 mmol) in DMF (480 mL) was added DIEA (44.44 g, 343.84 mmol) atroom temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 h at roomtemperature. Et₂O (500 mL) was added, and the desired product became anoil at the bottom of the flask. The mixture was sonicated and the topether layer was decanted. This process was repeated several times untilthe desired product solidified. The solid was dried under high vacuum toafford N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylguanidine hydrochloride (37.3g, 45%) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₁₀H₁₆ClN₃O[M+H−HCl]⁺, 194.12, found 194.10. H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.24-7.21 (m,2H), 7.02-7.21 (m, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H).

Step 2:6-bromo-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

To a stirred mixture of N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylguanidinehydrochloride (15.00 g, 65.30 mmol) and5-bromo-2-fluoropyridine-3-carbaldehyde (13.32 g, 65.30 mmol) in ACN(150 mL) was added TEA (19.8 mL, 195.90 mmol) at room temperature undernitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min at180° C. microwave under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography, eluted with PE/EtOAc (7:3) to afford6-bromo-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(10 g, 38%) as a brown solid. MS ESI calculated for C₁₅H₁₃BrN₄O [M+H]⁺,359.04, 361.04, found 358.95, 360.95. H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.28(s, 1H), 8.95-8.94 (m, 1H), 8.58-8.57 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.21 (m, 2H),6.92-6.87 (m, 2H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 19:6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

To a solution of6-bromo-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(9.90 g, 27.55 mmol) and4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (7.71 g,33.07 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100.00 mL) and water (25.00 mL) were addedK₂CO₃ (11.43 g, 82.67 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (3.18 g, 2.75 mmol). Themixture was stirred for 16 h at 65 degrees C. under a nitrogenatmosphere. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to ambienttemperature, diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with ethylacetate (3×200 mL). The combined organic fractions was washed with brine(200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography, eluted with PE/EtOAc (1:5). Thefractions contained desired product was concentrated to afford6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(9.2 g, 87%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₃H₂₃N₅O [M+H]⁺,386.19; found 386.05. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d,J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.28-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.25 (s, 2H), 7.00 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.98 (s,2H), 3.73 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 20:5-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Intermediate 17 using6-bromo-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amineand 6-methyl-5-(4,4,5-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-amineto afford the title compound as a yellow solid.

Intermediate 21:6-bromo-N-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 2-(methylsulfanyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine

To a stirred mixture of4-amino-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde 0.0 g, 11.82 mmol)and 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone (2.65 g, 23.64 mmol) in H₂O (16.00 mL) wasadded KOH (0.99 g, 17.73 mmol) in portions at 0° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred for 16 h at 60° C. The precipitated solids were collected byfiltration, washed with water (3×30 ml) and dried in vacuum drying oven.This resulted in2-(methylsulfanyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1.76 g,61%) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₉H₆F₃N₃S [M+H]⁺,246.02, found 246.15.

Step 2:N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)-6-[2-(oxan-2-yloxy)ethoxy]pyridin-4-yl]phenyl]-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrole-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of2-(methylsulfanyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1.70 g,6.93 mmol) in DCM (48.00 mL) was added m-CPBA (1.79 g, 10.40 mmol)dropwise at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 0° C. Tothe above mixture was added methylamine (0.65 g, 20.93 mmol) dropwise at0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 5 h at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) atroom temperature and extracted with DCM (3×50 mL). The combined organiclayers was washed with brine (3×40 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted withPE/(EA/EtOH=3:1) (1.5:1). The fractions contained desired product werecombined and concentrated to affordN-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (1 g, 63%) asan off-white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₉H₇F₃N₄ [M+H]⁺, 229.06, found229.20.

Step 3:6-bromo-N-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

To a stirred solution ofN-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (0.55 g, 2.41mmol) in AcOH (11.00 mL) was added Br₂ (1.93 g, 12.05 mmol) dropwise atroom temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 16 h.The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (150 mL) at 0° C. Theresulting mixture was extracted with DCM (3×100 mL). The combinedorganic layers was washed with brine (3×50 mL), dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase columnchromatography with the following conditions: Column: XBridge C18 OBDPrep Column, 100 Å, 5 um, 19 mm×250 mm; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/LNH₄HCO₃), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 40 B to70 B in 5.8 min. The fractions contained desired product were combinedand concentrated to afford6-bromo-N-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (85.2mg, 11%) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₉H₆BrF₃N₄ [M+H]⁺,306.97, 308.97, found 308.05, 310.05.

The compounds in Table 6 were prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Intermediate 21 using appropriate starting materials.

TABLE 6 Exact Mass Intermediate Structure IUPAC Name [M + H]⁺ 22

6-bromo-N-methyl-7- (methyl-d₃)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-2-amine Calc'd256.02, 258.02; found 255.95, 257.95 23

6-bromo-N,7-bis(methyl- d₃)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-2-amine Calc'd259.04, 261.04, found 258.95, 260.95

Example 1 and Example 2: Synthesis of (3S)—N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide;(3R)—N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of 7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (270 mg, 0.84 mmol) andN-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(697.45 mg, 1.68 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4.00 mL) and water (1.00 mL) wereadded NaHCO₃ (211.15 mg, 2.51 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (96.82 mg, 0.084mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed with nitrogen for three timesand stirred for 16 h at 50° C. The resulting mixture was diluted withwater (10 mL) and extracted with EA (3×30 mL). The combined organiclayers was washed with brine (2×15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by reverse phase-flash chromatography, eluted with25% ACN in water (0.1% FA) to afford 400 mg product which was furtherpurified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Column: SunFirePrep C18 OBD Column, 19×150 mm Sum 10 nm; Mobile Phase A:Water (0.05%TFA), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 25 B to 35 Bin 6 min; 210/254 nm) to affordN-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(200 mg, 51%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₂H₂₂F₄N₆O[M+H]⁺, 463.18, found 463.20.

Step 2

N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(220 mg, 0.48 mmol) was separated by chiral SFC with followingconditions: Column: CHIRALPAK IE, 3*25 cm, 5 um; Mobile PhaseA:Hex:DCM=3:1(10 mM NH3-MEOH)—HPLC, Mobile Phase B:EtOH—HPLC; Flowrate:40 mL/min; Gradient:20 B to 20 B in 21 min; 220/254 nm. Thefractions contained desired product were concentrated to give the twoenantiomers: (66.5 mg, 30%) of the first isomer eluted at 15.19 min(ee>98%) and (66.3 mg, 30%) of the second isomer eluted at 18.44 min(ee>98%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) of the first eluted isomer: δ 9.08(s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.22 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.52-3.41 (m, 3H),3.31-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.15 (m,1H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 4H). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) of the second elutedisomer: δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.31(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H),3.52-3.41 (m, 3H), 3.31-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.31 (s,3H), 2.23-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 4H). MS ESI calculated forC₂₂H₂₂F₄N₆O [M+H]⁺, 463.18, found 463.15.

Example 3: N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate(1.5 g, 4.9 mmol), 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (1.6 g, 6.3 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (3.2 g, 9.7 mmol) indioxane (30 mL) and water (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (356 mg, 0.5mmol) under N₂, and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 16 h. Themixture was cooled down to RT diluted with water (100 mL) and extractedwith DCM (100 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O(100 mL*2) and brine (200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silicagel (PE:EA=10:1 to PE:EA=2:1) to afford6-(5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (1.0 g, 72%). MS Calcd.: 297, MSFound: 298 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of6-(5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(80 mg, 0.2 mmol), DIEA (274 mg, 2.1 mmol) in THE (10 mL) was added BTC(32 mg, 0.1 mmol) in THE at 0° C. under N₂ atmosphere, and the mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h.3-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole trifluoroacetate (crude, 0.5mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Themixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC toaffordN-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide(22.1 mg, 17.9%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 2.01 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s,3H), 2.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 4.39 (s, 4H), 6.72 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23(d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (brs, 1H), 7.92 (s,1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 9.08 (s, 1H). MS Calcd.: 460 Found: 461 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 6:N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

Step 1

To a stirred mixture of7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (6.00 g, 18.63 mmol) and4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (5.20 g,22.32 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (80 mL) and water (40 mL) were addedPd(PPh₃)₄ (2.16 g, 1.87 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (4.7 g, 55.90 mmol) at roomtemperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was degassedwith nitrogen three times and stirred for 16 h at 50° C. The resultingmixture was diluted with water (80 mL) and extracted with EA (3×300 mL).The combined organic layer was washed with brine (3×100 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography, eluted with 52% EA/EtOH (3/1) in PE. The fractionscontained desired product were combined and concentrated to afford6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(4.6 g, 88%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₁₆H₁₇N₅ [M+H]⁺,280.15, found 280.20. H-NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s,1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.57-6.53 (m, 1H), 6.38 (d,J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 2.92 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.85(s, 3H).

Step 2

To a stirred solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(4.76 g, 17.06 mmol) and 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(3.26 g, 17.06 mmol) in DMF (48 mL) was added HATU (9.72 g, 25.57 mmol)and TEA (7.1 mL, 51.08 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. Thereaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature under nitrogenatmosphere. The resulting mixture was diluted with water (100 ml) andextracted with EA (3×300 mL). The combined organic layer was washed withbrine (6×150 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography, eluted with 55% EA/EtOH (3/1) in PE toafford 6 g product which was further purified by trituration withEA/n-hexane (150 mL) to affordN-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(4.89 g, 630%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₃H₁₉F₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 453.16, found 453.25. ¹H-NM/R (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 10.70 (s,1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.99 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=4.8Hz, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H).¹⁹F-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ −66.46 (s).

The compounds in Table 7 were prepared using appropriate startingmaterials and the procedures described in Examples 1 and 2, or Example3. Racemic products were separated using chiral columns specified in thetable.

TABLE 7 Preparation using Ex. Exact Mass procedures from # Structure[M + H]⁺ Example(s) Chiral column 4 and 5

Calc'd 477.16, found 447.20 1 and 2 CHIRALPAK IG, 2.0 cm I.D × 25 cm L(5 um)  7

Calc'd 471.15, found 471.20 1 and 2 NA 8 and 9

Calc'd 479.17; found 479.15 1 and 2 CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB, 2 × 25 cm,5 um 10

Calc'd 479.17; found 479.15 1 and 2 NA 11

Calc'd 479.17; found 479.15 1 and 2 NA 12

Calc'd 461.18, found 461.20 1 and 2 NA 13

Calc'd 461.18, found 461.25 1 and 2 NA 14

Calc'd 445, found 445 3 NA 15

Calc'd 485, found 485 3 NA

Example 16: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of 7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (180 mg, 0.58 mmol) andN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide(301 mg, 0.75 mmol) in dioxane (12 mL) and H₂O (2 mL) was addedPd(dppf)Cl₂ (43 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (381 mg, 1.16 mmol) at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 16 hrs underN₂. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, quenchedwith water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL*3). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated. The residue purified by prep-HPLC to giveN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide(84.5 mg, 32.7%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H),7.66 (br s, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),7.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.37 (m, 4H), 2.92(d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 442, MS Found:443 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 17 & 18: Synthesis of(R)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideand(S)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(400 mg, 1.35 mmol) and DIEA (869 mg, 6.73 mmol) in THF (30 mL) wasadded a solution of BTC (160 mg, 0.53 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (383 mg, 2.02 mmol)was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h.The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC(PE:EA=1:1) to afford a mixture which was separated by chiral prep-SFC(Column: Chiralpak IB 5 μm 20*250 mm; Mobile Phase:CO₂:MeOH:DEA=80:20:0.2% at 50 g/min; Temp: 40° C.; Wavelength: 214 nm)to give two enantiomers.

First eluting peak: 142.6 mg, 22.2%, RT=6.65 min, ee>98%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.68 (br s,1H), 7.33 (dd, J=2.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.28-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.02 (t, J=9.2Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H),2.11-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 1H). MS Calcd.: 476, MFound: 477 ([M+H]⁺).

Second eluting peak: 103.8 mg, 16.2%, RT=7.72 min, ee>98%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.68 (br s,1H), 7.33 (dd, J=2.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.28-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.02 (t, J=9.2Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H),2.11-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 1H).

MS Calcd.: 476, M Found: 477 ([M+H]⁺).

Examples 19 and 20: Synthesis of(R)—N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideand(S)—N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (400 mg,1.72 mmol) and DIEA (1.1 g, 8.62 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added asolution of BTC (204 mg, 0.68 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (489 mg, 2.58 mmol)was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h.The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC(PE:EA=2:1) to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(700 mg, 99%). MS Calcd.: 412, MS Found: 413 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution ofN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(720 mg, 1.75 mmol) and7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (385 mg, 1.25 mmol) in dioxane (60 mL) and H₂O(10 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (92 mg, 0.12 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (815 mg,2.50 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70°C. for 16 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (30mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue purified byFCC (PE:EA=1:1) to give a mixture which was separated by chiral prep-SCF(Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 20*250 mm; Mobile Phase:CO₂:IPA:DEA=60:40:0.2 at 50 g/min; Temp: 40° C.; Wavelength: 254 nm) togive both enantiomers.

First eluting peak: 108.3 mg, 18.9%, RT=8.45 min, ee>98. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.67 (br s,1H), 7.48 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),3.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.01(t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s,3H), 2.10-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.59 (m, 1H). MS Calcd.: 458,M Found: 459 ([M+H]⁺).

Second eluting peak: 132.2 mg, 23.1%, RT=10.37 min, ee>98%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.67 (br s,1H), 7.48 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),3.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30-3.26 (m, 1H), 3.01(t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s,3H), 2.10-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.59 (m, 1H). MS Calcd.: 458,M Found: 459 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 21: Synthesis of3-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(320 mg, 1.08 mmol) and DIEA (0.88 mL, 5.38 mmol) in THF (20 mL) wasadded a solution of BTC (128 mg, 0.43 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then3-(tert-butyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (211 mg, 1.29 mmol) was added at0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reactionmixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC toafford3-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(61.4 mg, 12.6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s,1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=4.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.20 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),3.33-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.05 (t, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.03-2.00 (m, 4H), 1.85-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.56 (m, 1H), 0.90(s, 9H). MS Calcd.: 450, MS Found: 451 ([M+H]⁺).

Examples 22 and 23: Synthesis of(R)-2-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamideand(S)-2-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline(400 mg, 1.59 mmol) and DIEA (1.0 g, 7.75 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was addeda solution of BTC (191 mg, 0.64 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then2-(tert-butyl)morpholine hydrochloride (344 mg, 1.91 mmol) was added at0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reactionmixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC (PE:EA=2:1) toafford2-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide(460 mg, 62%). MS Calcd.: 420, MS Found: 421 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of2-(tert-butyl)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide(460 mg, 1.09 mmol) and7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (260 mg, 0.84 mmol) in dioxane (24 mL) and H₂O(4 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (62 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (548 mg, 1.68mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.overnight under N₂. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature,quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL*3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue purified by FCC (100% EA)to give a mixture which was separated by chiral prep-HPLC (Column:Chiralpak IG 5 μm 20*250 mm; Mobile Phase: Hex:EtOH=50:50 at 15 mL/min;Temp: 30° C.; Wavelength: 254 nm) to give both enantiomers.

First eluting peak: 69.7 mg, 17.8%, RT=8.216 min, ee>98%.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H),7.68 (br s, 1H), 7.24-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.98 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.91-3.85(m, 2H), 3.41 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.98-2.84 (m, 5H), 2.64 (t, J=12.0 Hz,1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H). MS Calcd.: 466, MS Found:467 ([M+H]⁺).

Second eluting peak: 67.3 mg, 17.2%, RT=10.798 min, ee>98%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.68 (br s,1H), 7.24-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.98 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.91-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.41(t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.98-2.84 (m, 5H), 2.64 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (s,3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H). MS Calcd.: 466, MS Found: 467 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 24: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (233 mg,1.00 mmol) and DIEA (646 mg, 5.00 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added asolution of BTC (119 mg, 0.40 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then1-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine (287 mg,1.50 mmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C.for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purifiedby FCC (PE:EA=5:1) to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxamide(395 mg, 88%). MS Calcd.: 450, MS Found: 451 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution ofN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxamide(395 mg, 0.88 mmol) and7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (235 mg, 0.73 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H₂O(5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (53 mg, 0.07 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (476 mg, 1.46mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.for 16 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature,quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL*3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue purified by prep-HPLC togiveN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxamide(136.0 mg, 37.6%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08(s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.70 (br s, 1H), 7.45(dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),4.81 (s, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 496, MS Found: 497([M+H]⁺).

Examples 25 and 26 Synthesis of(R)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamideand(S)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline(251 mg, 1.00 mmol) and DIEA (646 mg, 5.00 mmol) in THE (20 mL) wasadded a solution of BTC (119 mg, 0.40 mmol) in THE (1 mL) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride (308 mg, 1.50 mmol) wasadded at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Thereaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC(PE:EA=2:1) to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide(286 mg, 64%). MS Calcd.: 428, MS Found: 429 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution ofN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide(286 mg, 0.64 mmol) and7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (187 mg, 0.58 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H₂O(5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (42 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (378 mg, 1.16mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.for 16 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was cooled down to roomtemperature, quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (20mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue purified byprep-HPLC to give a mixture which was separated by chiral prep-SFC(Column: Chiralpak IA 5 μm 20*250 mm; Mobile Phase:CO₂:IPA:DEA=70:30:0.2 at 50 g/min; Temp: 40° C.; Wavelength: 230 nm) togive two enantiomers.

First eluting peak: 77.2 mg, 10.3%, RT=7.28 min, ee=97%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.67 (br s,1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 2H), 4.00 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.85 (m, 2H),3.69-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.48 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 2H), 2.98-2.91 (m,4H), 2.73-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

MS Calcd.: 492, MS Found: 493 ([M+H]⁺).

Second eluting peak: 91.0 mg, 12.1%, RT=10.15 min, ee=92%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.67 (br s,1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 2H), 4.00 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.85 (m, 2H),3.69-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.48 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 2H), 2.98-2.91 (m,4H), 2.73-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H).

MS Calcd.: 492, MS Found: 493 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 27: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinamide

Step 1

To a solution of 7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (200 mg, 0.62 mmol) and4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (159 mg,0.68 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H₂O (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (49mg, 0.06 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (404 mg, 1.24 mmol) at room temperature. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 16 h under N₂. The reactionmixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (30 mL) andextracted with DCM (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue purified by FCC (100% EA) to give6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(190 mg, >100%). MS Calcd.: 279, MS Found: 280 ([M+H]+).

Step 2

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(190 mg, 0.681 mmol) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinic acid (143 mg, 0.74mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added DIEA (439 mg, 3.40 mmol) and PyBop (389mg, 0.74 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purifiedby FCC (PE:EA=1:1) to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinamide(75.5 mg, 24.4%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.82 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s,1H), 9.03 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=1.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H),7.96 (s, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68(br s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.35 (s,3H), 2.04 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 452, MS Found: 453 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 28: Synthesis of(S)-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(403 mg, 1.00 mmol) and DIEA (0.82 mL, 5.00 mmol) in THF (30 mL) wasadded a solution of BTC (119 mg, 0.40 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then the TFA salt of(S)-3-(difluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine (504 mg, 2.00 mmol) was added at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reactionmixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by FCC (100% EA) toafford(S)-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(100 mg, 17.7%). MS Calcd.: 566, MS Found: 567 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of(S)-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-(2-fluoro-5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(80 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (5 mL). The reactionmixture was stirred at 40° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooledto room temperature and concentrated in vacuum. The residue wasdissolved in ice water (20 mL), basified to pH 7-8 with saturated sodiumbicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with DCM (20 mL*3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18column (acetonitrile:water=05% to 95%) to give(S)-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(5.3 mg, 7.5%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.82 (d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.78 (br s, 1H),7.47 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (t, J=75.6 Hz,1H), 4.85-4.83 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.41 (m, 4H), 2.93 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.25(s, 3H), 2.13-2.06 (m, 2H). MS Calcd.: 446, MS Found: 447 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 29: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(250 mg, 0.896 mmol) and 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (186 mg, 0.97mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (574 mg, 4.45 mmol) and PyBop (509mg, 0.980 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuumand purified by FCC (PE:EA=1:1) to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(104.4 mg, 25.9%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.48 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.29-8.25 (m,2H), 7.96-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H).

MS Calcd.: 451, MS Found: 452 ([M+H]⁺).

Examples 30 & 31: Synthesis of(R)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideand(S)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(600 mg, 1.48 mmol) and DIEA (1.21 mL, 7.40 mmol) in THF (100 mL) wasadded a solution of BTC (176 mg, 0.59 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (310 mg, 1.63 mmol)was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. to rt for16 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purifiedby FCC (DCM:MeOH=10:1) to affordN-(2-fluoro-5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(650 mg, 75%). MS Calcd.: 582, MS Found: 583 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

A solution ofN-(2-fluoro-5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(1.45 g, 2.45 mmol) in TFA (5 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 12 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ice water (50 mL), basified to pH7-8 with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extractedwith DCM (50 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue waspurified by FCC (DCM:MeOH=10:1) to give a mixture which was separated bychiral prep-HPLC (Column: Chiralpak OD-H 5 μm 20*250 mm; Mobile Phase:Hex:EtOH=70:30 at 15 mL/min; Temp: 30° C.; Wavelength: 230 nm) to givetwo enantiomers.

First eluting peak: 357.7 mg, 31.1%, RT=11.448 min, ee>98%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.82 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21(d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.28 (m,1H), 3.03 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.49-2.38 (m, 3H),2.25 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.64 (m, 1H). MS Calcd.: 462, MSFound: 463 ([M+H]⁺).

Second eluting peak: 325.7 mg, 28.3%, RT=9.801 min, ee>98%. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.82 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21(d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.28 (m,1H), 3.03 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.49-2.38 (m, 3H),2.25 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.64 (m, 1H). MS Calcd.: 462, MSFound: 463 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 32: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(250 mg, 0.89 mmol) and 5-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid (186 mg, 0.97mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (574 mg, 4.45 mmol) and PyBop (509mg, 0.98 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuumand purified by FCC (PE:EA=1:1) to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide(99.5 mg, 24.6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.64 (s, 1H), 9.36 (d,J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 9.17-9.09 (m, 2H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd,J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H). MSCalcd.: 452, MS Found: 453 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 33: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(186 mg, 0.66 mmol) and 3-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid(150 mg, 0.66 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (429 mg, 3.33 mmol) andPyBop (380 mg, 0.73 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was pour into water (10mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL) for three times. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC to afford3-chloro-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(92.8 mg, 28.7%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.85 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=4.8Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.68 (br s, 1H),7.61-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 486, MS Found: 487 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 34: Synthesis of2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a solution ofN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(500 mg, 2.22 mmol) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane(1.3 mL, 4.44 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (1.4 g, 4.44mmol) and x-Phos Pd G2 (17 mg, 0.022 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred at 120° C. for 1 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith water (30 mL) and extracted with EA (30 mL) for three times. Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (100% EA) to afford2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid (400 mg, 88%). MS Calcd.:205, MS Found: 206 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(200 mg, 0.71 mmol) and 2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid(176 mg, 0.85 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added TEA (145 mg, 1.43 mmol) andPyBop (447 mg, 0.86 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was pour into water (10mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL) for three times. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum and purified by FCC (100% EA) to afford2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(129.7 mg, 38.6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.63 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s,1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.61(d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.66(s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 466, MS Found: 467([M+H]⁺).

Example 35: Synthesis ofN-(3-(2-(ethylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a solution ofN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(1.4 g, 3.5 mmol) and 7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (2.0 g, 2.9 mmol) in dioxane (60 mL) and H₂O(10 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (1.9 g, 5.9 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (216 mg, 0.29mmol), The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 8 h under N₂. Thereaction mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with EA(100 mL) for three times. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EA=1:1) toaffordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(1.61 g, 58%).

Step 2

A mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was cooled to −5° C. and added m-CPBA(108 mg, 0.53 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. A solution of ethanamine (0.8 mL) in THF (10 mL)was dropwised to the mixture which was stirred at 40° C. for 8 h. Thereaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM(20 mL) for four times. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(3-(2-(ethylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(121.0 mg, 48.8%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.69 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s,1H), 8.99 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J=0.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H),7.95 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.20(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS Calcd.: 466, MS Found: 467 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 36: Synthesis ofN-(3-(7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a solution of NaOH (0.6 g, 14.8 mmol) in H₂O (8.2 mL) was added4-amino-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (8.0 g, 47.3 mmol) and1-hydroxybutan-2-one (5.0 g, 56.8 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 40° C. for 15 h. The mixture was cooled down to rt, dilutedwith ice water (200 mL) and acidified with 1 M hydrochloride aqueoussolution to pH 7-8. The product was separated out, filtered andconcentrated. The filtered cake was dried to afford7-ethyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-ol (7.4 g, 71%). MSCalcd.: 221, MS Found: 222 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of 7-ethyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-ol (1.0g, 4.5 mmol) and pyridine (1.4 g, 18.1 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added asolution of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1.9 g, 6.7 mmol) in DCM(10 mL) slowly at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at −5° C. for2 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature,quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL) for threetimes. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue purified bysilica gel column chromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to afford7-ethyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (1.0 g, 65%). MS Calcd.: 353, MS Found: 354([M+H]⁺).

Step 3

A mixture of 7-ethyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (1.0 g, 2.83 mmol) and m-CPBA (0.5 g, 2.83mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then tothe reaction mixture was added a solution of methanamine in THE (2 M,4.25 mL, 8.50 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL) for four times. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (PE:EA=3:1) to afford7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (660 mg, 70%). MS Calcd.: 336, MS Found: 337([M+H]⁺).

Step 4

To a solution of 7-ethyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (660 mg, 1.96 mmol) andN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(960 mg, 2.36 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H₂O (5 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃(1.3 g, 3.93 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (145 mg, 0.198 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 70° C. for 16 h under N₂. The reaction mixturewas diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL) for threetimes. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography (100% EA) to affordN-(3-(7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(565.9 mg, 62%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.69 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s,1H), 8.98 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.19-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.94 (s,1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4,1H), 2.94 (d, J=4.4, 3H), 2.67-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t,J=7.6 Hz, 3H). MS Calcd.: 466, MS Found: 467 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 37: Synthesis ofN-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added m-CPBA (108 mg, 0.53 mmol)at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.A solution of cyclopropanamine (91 mg, 1.59 mmol) in THF (5 mL) wasdropwised to the mixture which was stirred at 40° C. for 8 h. Thereaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM(20 mL) for four times. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(96.6 mg, 37.9%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s,1H), 8.99 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.97(s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d,J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H),2.04 (s, 3H), 0.76-0.75 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.55 (m, 2H). MS Calcd.: 478, MSFound: 479 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 38: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2-morpholinoethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added m-CPBA (108 mg, 0.53 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. A solutionof 2-Morpholinoethanamine (207 mg, 1.59 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasdropwised to the mixture at −5° C. which was stirred at 40° C. for 8 h.The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted withDCM (20 mL) for four times. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2-morpholinoethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(157.1 mg, 53.4%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s,1H), 8.99 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96(s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 3.59-3.53 (m, 6H), 2.57-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 551, MS Found: 552 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 39: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added m-CPBA (108 mg, 0.53 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. A solutionof 2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanamine (182 mg, 1.59 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasdropwised to the mixture at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at40° C. for 8 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) andextracted with DCM (20 mL) for four times. The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(170.5 mg, 60%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s,1H), 8.99 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96(s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 3.55-3.52 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.68 (m, 4H). MS Calcd.: 535, MS Found: 536([M+H]⁺).

Example 40: Synthesis ofN-(3-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added m-CPBA (108 mg, 0.53 mmol)at −5° C. Then The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for2 h. A solution of 2-Aminoethanol (97 mg, 1.59 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasdropwised to the mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for8 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extractedwith DCM (20 mL) for four times. The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(3-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(101.5 mg, 39.5%).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.99 (d, J=4.8Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd,J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.78(m, 1H), 3.62-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s,3H). MS Calcd.: 482, MS Found: 483 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 41: Synthesis of3-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1:

To a solution of 3-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid (330 mg,1.46 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added one drop of DMF and oxalyldichloride (373 mg, 2.94 mmol) slowly. The reaction mixture was stirredat RT for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) which was stirred for another 1 hat RT. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purifiedby FCC (PE:EA=3:1) to afford methyl3-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinate (300 mg, 86%).

MS Calcd.: 239, MS Found: 240 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of methyl 3-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinate (250mg, 1.05 mmol) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane (0.6mL, 2.10 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (700 mg, 2.22 mmol)and x-Phos Pd G2 (8 mg, 0.011 mmol), The reaction mixture was stirred at120° C. for 11 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was diluted with water(30 mL) and extracted with EA (30 mL) for three times. The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (PE:EA=1:1) to afford3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid (40 mg, 2%). MS Calcd.:205, MS Found: 206 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 3

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(46 mg, 0.16 mmol) and 3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid (26mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added TEA (36 mg, 0.36 mmol) and PyBop(112 mg, 0.21 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (10 mL)and extracted with EA (10 mL) for three times. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by FCC (100% EA) toafford3-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(8.4 mg, 14%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 10.70 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H),8.68 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.59(m, 3H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.46 (d, J=1.6Hz, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H).

MS Calcd.: 466, MS Found: 467 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 42: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added m-CPBA (108 mg, 0.53 mmol)at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.A solution of 1-Methylpiperidin-4-amine (182 mg, 1.59 mmol) in THF (10mL) was dropwised to the mixture which was stirred at 40° C. for 8 h.The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted withDCM (20 mL) for four times. The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(68.7 mg, 12%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.69 (s, 1H), 9.11 (s,1H), 8.99 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J=0.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H),7.95 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=2.0, Hz, 1H), 7.38(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.96 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H),2.29-2.16 (m, 8H), 2.03-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.59 (m, 2H). MS Calcd.: 535,MS Found: 536 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 43: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((trideuteromethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(300 mg, 0.64 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added m-CPBA (130 mg, 0.64 mmol)at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h.Trideuteromethanamine hydrochloride (182 mg, 1.59 mmol) and DIEA (496mg, 3.84 mmol) was added to the mixture which was stirred at roomtemperature for 8 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL)and extracted with DCM (20 mL) for four times. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((trideuteromethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(71.5 mg, 24.6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.69 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s,1H), 8.99 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.96(s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 455, MS Found: 456([M+H]⁺).

Example 44: Synthesis ofN-(6-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Step 1

To a solution ofN-(5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (1.0 g,2.78 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane)(777 mg, 3.06 mmol) and KOAc (545 mg, 5.56 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) wasadded Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (203 mg, 0.28 mmol) under nitrogen atmosphere. Thenthe reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h under nitrogenatmosphere. After the reaction mixture was cooled down to roomtemperature, filtered and concentrated to giveN-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.12 g, crude) which was used to the next step without furtherpurification. MS Calcd.: 406, MS Found: 407 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution ofN-(4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(748 mg, 2.32 mmol),N-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.1 g, 2.78 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (1.5 g, 4.64 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) andwater (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (170 mg, 0.23 mmol) at roomtemperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirredat 70° C. for 10 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wascooled down to room temperature, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by FCC (EA:MeOH=20:1) to affordN-(6-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(300.5 mg, 28%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.69(s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.90 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.05-7.98 (m, 3H), 7.81 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74-7.73 (m,1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 452,MS Found: 453 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 45: Synthesis ofN-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Step 1

To a solution of6-bromo-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (1.08g, 3.00 mmol),N-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.94 g, 5.99 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (1.96 g, 6.01 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL)and water (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (220 mg, 0.30 mmol) at roomtemperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirredat 70° C. for 8 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wascooled down to room temperature, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by FCC (EA:PE=1:1) to affordN-(5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.2 g, 71%) as a yellow solid. MS Calcd.: 558, MS Found: 559 ([M+H]+).

Step 2

A solution ofN-(5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.2 g, 2.15 mmol) in TFA (12 mL) was stirred at 50° C. overnight. Thereaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ice water (20 mL), basified to pH=7with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted withDCM (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue waspurified by FCC (EA:PE=1:1) to affordN-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(561.2 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.71(s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.94 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.91 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),8.35-8.29 (m, 3H), 8.17 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),7.87-7.80 (m, 2H), 2.95 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 438,MS Found: 439 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 46: Synthesis ofN-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

A solution of 5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-amine (1.0 g, 5.3 mmol),2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid (1.1 g, 5.9 mmol), HATU (3.06 g,8.0 mmol) and DIEA (3.47 g, 26.9 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred atroom temperature for 16 h. Then the mixture was poured into water (60mL) and extracted with EA (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated.The residue was purified by FCC (EA:PE=1:1) to affordN-(5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide (800mg, 42%) as a yellow solid. MS Calcd.: 359, MS Found: 360 ([M+H]+).

Step 2

To a solution ofN-(5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide (500mg, 1.40 mmol),4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (391 mg,1.54 mmol) and KOAc (274 mg, 2.80 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was addedPd(dppf)Cl₂ (102 mg, 0.14 mmol) under nitrogen atmosphere. Then thereaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight under nitrogenatmosphere. After the reaction mixture was cooled down to roomtemperature, filtered and concentrated to giveN-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(570 mg, crude) which was used to the next step without furtherpurification. MS Calcd.: 407, MS Found: 408 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 3

To a solution of6-bromo-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (200mg, 0.56 mmol),N-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(570 mg, 1.40 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (365 mg, 1.12 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL)and water (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (41 mg, 0.056 mmol) at roomtemperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirredat 70° C. for 8 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wascooled down to room temperature, filtered and concentrated. The residuewas purified by FCC (EA:PE=1:3) to affordN-(5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 80%) as a yellow solid.

MS Calcd.: 559, MS Found: 560 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 4

A solution ofN-(5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.45 mmol) in TFA (2 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 8 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ice water (20 mL), basified to pH=8with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted withDCM (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue waspurified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(41 mg, 21%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.94 (s,1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 9.02 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.90(d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.34 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=5.2Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.86 (m, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=4.8 Hz,3H), 2.51 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 439, MS Found: 440 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 47: Synthesis of2-methyl-N-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Step 1

A solution of 5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-amine (730 mg, 3.01 mmol),2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (875 mg, 4.29 mmol), HATU (1.78g, 4.68 mmol) and DIEA (2.52 g, 19.5 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred atroom temperature for 8 h. Then the mixture was poured into water (60 mL)and extracted with EA (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by FCC (EA:PE=1:2) to affordN-(5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.26 g, 77%) as a yellow solid. MS Calcd.: 372, MS Found: 373 ([M+H]+).

Step 2

To a solution ofN-(5-bromo-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.76 g, 3.38 mmol),4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (1.03 g,4.06 mmol) and KOAc (663 mg, 6.76 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was addedPd(dppf)Cl₂ (247 mg, 0.33 mmol) under nitrogen atmosphere. Then thereaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h under nitrogenatmosphere. After the reaction mixture was cooled down to roomtemperature, filtered and concentrated to give2-methyl-N-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(1.4 g, crude) which was used to the next step without furtherpurification. MS Calcd.: 420, MS Found: 421 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 3

To a solution of6-bromo-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (360mg, 1.00 mmol),2-methyl-N-(6-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(714 mg, 1.70 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (652 mg, 2.00 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL)and water (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (73 mg, 0.10 mmol) at roomtemperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Then the reaction mixture wasstirred at 70° C. for 8 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reactionmixture was cooled down to room temperature, filtered and concentrated.The residue was purified by FCC (EA:PE=1:1) to affordN-(5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(300 mg, 52%) as yellow oil.

MS Calcd.: 572, MS Found: 573 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 4

A solution ofN-(5-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(300 mg, 0.52 mmol) in TFA (15 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 16 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ice water (20 mL), basified to pH=8with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted withDCM (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue waspurified by prep-HPLC to afford2-methyl-N-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(74.7 mg, 31%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.77 (s,1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.71 (m, 3H), 7.55 (t, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 2.95 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.: 452,MS Found: 453 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 48: Synthesis ofN-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a mixture ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(500 mg, 1.06 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added m-CPBA (183 mg, 1.06 mmol)at −5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.A solution of PMBNH2 (455 mg, 3.18 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was dropwised tothe mixture which was stirred at 40° C. for 8 h. The reaction mixturewas diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL) for fourtimes. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC to affordN-(3-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(600 mg, 90%). MS Calcd.: 558, MS Found: 559 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

A solution ofN-(3-(2-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(250 mg, 0.45 mmol) in TFA (5 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 5 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ice water (20 mL), basified to pH=7with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted withDCM (20 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue waspurified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(52.8 mg, 27%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.69 (s,1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.98 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=4.8Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=2.0 Hz,1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (s, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H).MS Calcd.: 438, MS Found: 439 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 49: Synthesis ofN-(3-(2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide

Step 1

To a solution ofN-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(70 mg, 0.16 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) was added cyclopropanecarbonylchloride (33 mg, 0.32 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixturewas stirred at 115° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down toroom temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLCto giveN-(3-(2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide(8.6 mg, 11%) as a white solid.(R)—N-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide.¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.15 (s, 1H), 10.73 (s, 1H), 9.51 (s, 1H),8.99 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=5.2 Hz,1H), 7.78 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 0.90-0.88(m, 4H). MS Calcd.: 506, M Found: 507 ([M+H]⁺).

Example 50: Synthesis ofN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide

Step 1

A solution of methyl 6-chloropyridazine-4-carboxylate (500 mg, 2.85mmol) and NaI (629 mg, 4.21 mmol) in HI (4 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature anddiluted with water (30 mL). The mixture was basified to pH=7 withsaturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted with DCM (20mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified byprep-HPLC to afford methyl 6-iodopyridazine-4-carboxylate (500 mg, 58%)as an off-white solid. MS Calcd.: 264, MS Found: 265 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 2

To a solution of methyl 6-iodopyridazine-4-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.68mmol) and 1,10-phenanthroline (CuCF₃) (211 mg, 0.68 mmol) in DMF (5 mL)was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under dark. The reaction mixturewas quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL*3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue purified by FCC(PE:EA=10:1) to give methyl 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxylate(50 mg, 35%,) as an off-white solid. MS Calcd.: 206, M Found: 207([M+H]⁺).

Step 3

A solution of methyl 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxylate (50 mg,0.24 mmol) and LiOH H₂O (25 mg, 0.61 mmol) in THE (2.5 mL) and H₂O (2.5mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was acidifiedto pH=5 with 3M HCl. The mixture was filtered and the solid was dried toafford 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxylic acid (46 mg, 100%) asan off-white solid. MS Calcd.: 192, MS Found: 193 ([M+H]⁺).

Step 4

To a solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(60 mg, 0.22 mmol) and 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxylic acid(46 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIEA (139 mg, 1.08 mmol) andPyBop (111 mg, 0.22 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum andpurified by prep-HPLC to affordN-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide(6.5 mg, 6.7%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.87(s, 1H), 9.91 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.68 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H),7.97 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H). MS Calcd.:453, MS Found: 454 ([M+H]⁺).

The following compounds in Table 8 were prepared using proceduressimilar to those described in Example 1 and 2 using appropriate startingmaterials.

TABLE 8 Example Exact Mass # Structure [M + H]⁺ 51

Calc'd 493.19, found 493.15 52

Calc'd 449.18, found 449.25

Example 53:N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[3-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(3.00 g, 7.78 mmol) and 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(1.41 g, 7.39 mmol) in MeCN (18 mL) were added HATU (2.96 g, 7.78 mmol)and TEA (1.58 g, 15.56 mmol) in portions at room temperature was stirredfor 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by water (200 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×200 mL). The combined organic fractionswas washed with brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with55˜70% EA in PE. The fractions contained desired product wereconcentrated to affordN-[3-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(3.1 g, 74%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₃₀H₂₅F₃N₆O₂[M+H]+, 559.20; found 559.35. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 10.76 (s, 1H),9.38 (s, 1H), 9.01 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.95 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (t,J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.23-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.78 (m,2H), 7.41 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 2H), 6.95-6.85 (m, 2H), 5.00 (s,2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.19 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H).

Step 2:N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a stirred solution ofN-[3-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(3.10 g, 5.55 mmol) in TFA (80 mL) at 25 degrees C. under nitrogenatmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by aqueous NaHCO₃ (200mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×200 mL). The combined organicfractions was washed with brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography,eluted with 50˜70% (EtOH/EA=1/3) in PE. The fractions contained desiredproducts were concentrated to afford 2.0 g of product. The product (2.0g) was triturated with MeOH to afford 1.6 g product (The purity of 99%on LCMS, but H-NMR contained methanol). A solution of product (1.6) inDCM (100 mL) and it was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas dried under infrared light,N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(1.4235 g, 58%) was obtained. MS ESI calculated for C₂₂H₁₇F₃N₆O [M+H]⁺,439.14; found 439.10. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 10.74 (s, 1H), 9.22(s, 1H), 9.00 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d,J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.40 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H).

Examples 54 and 55:(3R)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]3(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideand(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[3-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

To a stirred mixture of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(0.60 g, 1.56 mmol) in THE (8 mL) were added triphosgene (185 mg, 0.62mmol) and DIEA (1.29 mL, 7.78 mmol) at 0 degree under nitrogenatmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. Tothe above mixture was added 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride(327.96 mg, 1.87 mmol) in THE (2 mL) at room temperature. The resultingmixture was stirred for additional 3 h at room temperature. Theresulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to affordN-[3-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.600 g, crude) as a brown oil. MS ESI calculated for C₂₉H₂₉F₃N₆O₂[M+H]⁺, 551.23, found 551.40.

Step 2:N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture ofN-[3-(2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl](methyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.600 mg, crude) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure. The crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC with the followingconditions (Column: XBridge C18 OBD Prep Column, 100 Å, 10 μm, 19 mm×250mm; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mmol/L NH₄HCO₃), Mobile Phase B:ACN; Flowrate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 50 B to 80 B in 5.8 min; 210/254 nm; RT: 5.23min to affordN-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(230 mg, 47%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₁H₂₁F₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 431.17, found 431.15. H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 9.22 (s, 1H),8.85 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H),7.51-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.42(m, 4H), 2.96 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.24-2.15 (m, 4H), 2.05-1.97 (m, 1H),1.31-1.22 (m, 1H). F-NMR (376 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ −69.77 (3F).

Step 3:(3R)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]3(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideand(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

(N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(230 mg) was resolved by CHIRAL-HPLC with the following conditions(Column: CHIRALPAK-AD-H-UL001, 20×250 mm, 5 um; Mobile Phase A: hexane(8 mmol/L NH₃.MeOH), Mobile Phase B: IPA; Flow rate: 20 mL/min;Gradient: 30 B to 30 B in 35 min; 220/254 nm;

First eluting peak: RT 1:22.991 min, 106.4 mg (46%) of a yellow solid.MS ESI calculated for C₂₁H₂₁F₃N₆O [M+H]⁺, 431.17, found 431.10. H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 9.23 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d,J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H),3.72-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.35-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.96 (d, J=4.4Hz, 3H), 2.27-2.16 (m, 4H), 2.08-1.99 (m, 1H). F-NMR (376 MHz, d₆-DMSO)δ 69.78 (3F).

Second eluting peak: RT2: 30.019 min, 92.1 mg, (39%) of a yellow solid.MS ESI calculated for C₂₁H₂₁F₃N₆O [M+H]⁺, 431.17, found 431.05. H-NMR(400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d,J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),3.72-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.41 (m, 3H), 2.95 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.25-2.16(m, 4H), 2.09-1.98 (m, 1H). F-NMR (376 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 69.78 (3F).

The compounds in Table 9 were prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Examples 54 and 55 using appropriate starting materials.

TABLE 9 Example Exact Mass # Structure [M + H]⁺ 56

Calc'd 447.17, found 447.20 57

Calc'd 447.17; found 447.20. 58

Calc'd 447.17; found 447.20. 59

Calc'd 465.16, found 465.15 60

Calc'd 465.16, found 465.10 61

Calc'd 465.16; found 465.05. 62

Calc'd 465.16; found 465.00. 63

Calc'd 448.16, found 448.15

Example 64:N-[3-[7-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

A mixture ofN-[3-[7-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(3.20 g, 7.04 mmol) in POCl₃ (32.00 mL) was stirred for 3.5 h at 100° C.under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and pouredinto aqueous NaHCO₃ (sat., 100 mL). The resulting mixture was extractedwith EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine(150 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography, eluted with 70% EtOAc in PE. The fractionscontained desired product were combined and concentrated to affordN-[3-[7-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(1.3 g, 39%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₂H₁₆ClF₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 473.10, found 473.15. H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.93-8.80 (m,2H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.04-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H),7.72-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H),3.18-3.09 (m, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H).

Example 65:N-[3-[7-ethenyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture ofN-[3-[7-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(0.25 g, 0.53 mmol), 1-ethenyl-3,3,4,4-tetramethylborolane (0.48 g, 3.17mmol) and K₂CO₃ (219.21 mg, 1.59 mmol) in ACN (5.00 mL) and water (5.00mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.15 g, 0.13 mmol). The reaction mixture wasdegassed with nitrogen for three times and stirred for 16 h at 60° C.The resulting mixture was diluted with EA (50 mL). The resulting mixturewas washed with brine (2×20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with70% EA in PE. The fractions contained desired product were combined andconcentrated to afford ˜200 mg crude product which was further purifiedby Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: XBridge C18 OBD Prep Column,100 Å, 10 μm, 19 mm×250 mm; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mmol/L NH₄HCO₃),Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 40 B to 75 B in 5.8min. The fractions contained desired product were combined andconcentrated to affordN-[3-[7-ethenyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(0.11 g, 42%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₄H₁₉F₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 465.16, found 465.25. H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.05 (s, 1H),8.89 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s,1H), 7.76-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),6.68-6.56 (m, 2H), 5.57-5.53 (m, 1H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

Example 66:N-[3-[7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a solution ofN-[3-[7-ethenyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(60.00 mg, 0.13 mmol) in EtOH (4.00 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂/C (30.00 mg).The reaction mixture was degassed with hydrogen for three times andstirred for 16 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was filteredand the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: SunFirePrep C18 OBD Column, 19×150 mm 5 um 10 nm; Mobile Phase A: water (0.1%FA), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 15 B to 50 Bin 4.3 min. The fractions contained desired product were combined andconcentrated to affordN-[3-[7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(20.6 mg, 34%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₄H₂₁F₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 467.17, found 467.25. H-NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 10.72 (s, 1H),9.12 (s, 1H), 9.00 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=4.5 Hz,1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (d,J=4.5 Hz, 3H), 2.65-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.16 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 67:N-[3-[7-ethynyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a stirred mixture ofN-[3-[7-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(0.30 g, 0.63 mmol), ethynyltrimethylsilane (0.19 g, 1.90 mmol),Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (44.53 mg, 0.063 mmol) and CuI (24.17 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF(10 mL) was added TEA (1.76 mL, 17.43 mmol) dropwise at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was degassed with nitrogen for threetimes and stirred for 2 h at 90° C. The resulting mixture was dilutedwith water (20 mL) and extracted with EA (3×50 mL). The combined organiclayers was washed with brine (3×30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with67% EA in PE. The fractions contained desired product were combined andconcentrated to affordN-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(52 mg, 14%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₇H₂₅F₃N₆OSi[M+H]⁺, 535.18, found 535.25.

Step 2:N-[3-[7-ethynyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a stirred solution ofN-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(52 mg, 0.097 mmol) in THF (2.00 mL) was added TBAF (0.15 mL, 0.15 mmol)dropwise at 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wasstirred for 16 h at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Theresulting mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EA(3×15 mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine (2×10 mL),dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography, eluted with 70% EA in PE to afford the crude productwhich was further purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions:Column: XBridge C18 OBD Prep Column, 100 Å, 10 μm, 19 mm×250 mm; MobilePhase A: Water (10 mmol/L NH₄HC₃), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20mL/min; Gradient: 40 B to 80 B in 5.8 min. The fractions containeddesired product were combined and concentrated to affordN-[3-[7-ethynyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(27.9 mg, 62%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₄H₁₇F₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 463.14, found 463.10. H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 10.71 (s, 1H),9.19 (s, 1H), 8.99 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.17 (m, 2H),7.93 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (s, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H).

Example 68:N-[3-[7-methoxy-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a solution ofN-[3-[7-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(0.2 g, 0.42 mmol) in MeOH (4.00 mL, 0.13 mmol) was added sodiummethoxide in MeOH (33%) (6.41 mL, 2.12 mmol) at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The resulting mixturewas concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted withwater (40 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL).The combined organic layers was washed with brine (50 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC with thefollowing conditions Column: XBridge C18 OBD Prep Column, 100 Å, 10 μm,19 mm×250 mm; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/L NH₄HC₃), Mobile Phase B:ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 30 B to 70 B in 5.8 min. Thefractions contained desired product were combined and concentrated toaffordN-[3-[7-methoxy-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(81.2 mg, 39%) as a white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₃H₁₉F₃N₆O₂[M+H]⁺, 469.15, found 469.25. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.70 (s, 1H),8.98 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s,1H), 7.73-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.31 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.93 (s,3H), 2.08 (s, 3H).

The compounds in Table 10 were prepared using procedures similar tothose described in Example 68 using appropriate starting materials.

TABLE 10 Example Exact Mass # Structure [M + H]⁺ 69

Calc'd 483.17, found 483.20 70

Calc'd 499.16, found 499.15 71

Calc'd 472.17; found 472.15

Example 72:N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

Step 1:N-[3-[7-bromo-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

A mixture ofN-[3-[7-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(0.30 g, 0.66 mmol) in POBr₃ (1.89 g, 6.60 mmol) was stirred at 100° C.for 1 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After cooled to 0° C., the resultingmixture was quenched with sat. aqueous NaHCO₃. The resulting mixture wasextracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layer was washedwith brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. Thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted withhexane/(EtOAc:EtOH=3:1)=(1:1). The fractions contained desired productwere combined and concentrated to affordN-[3-[7-bromo-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(0.20 g, 59% yield) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated forC₂₂H₁₆BrF₃N₆O [M+H]⁺, 517.05, 519.05; found 517.15, 519.15.

Step 2:N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a stirred mixture ofN-[3-[7-bromo-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(80.00 mg, 0.16 mmol) and Zn dust (10.12 mg, 0.16 mmol), Zn(CN)₂ (10.90mg, 0.093 mmol), dppf (34.17 mg, 0.062 mmol) in DMA (2.00 mL, 22.96mmol) was added Pd₂(dba)₃.CHCl₃ (32.01 mg, 0.031 mmol) in portions atroom temperature. The reaction mixture was degassed with nitrogen forthree times and stirred for 2 h at 80° C. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with EA (10mL). The resulting mixture was washed with water (3×10 mL) and brine (10mL). The organic layers was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with hexane/EtOAc(2:1) to afford 178 mg crude product as a yellow solid. The crudeproduct (178 mg) was further purified by Prep-HPLC with the followingconditions (Column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 19×250 mm, 10 um;Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/L NH₄HC₃), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flowrate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 60 B to 75 B in 5.5 min. The fractionscontained desired product were combined and concentrated to affordN-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(25.7 mg, 36%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₃H₁₆F₃N₇O[M+H]⁺, 464.14; found 464.20. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.80 (s, 1H),9.33 (s, 1H), 9.01-8.99 (m, 1H), 8.48-8.44 (m, 2H), 8.40-8.36 (m, 2H),7.85-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.40 (m, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.18 (s,3H).

Example 73:N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide

To a mixture of6-bromo-N-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(50.00 mg, 0.16 mmol) andN-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(99.21 mg, 0.24 mmol) in THE:H₂O=10:1 (0.55 mL) were added XPhospalladium(II) biphenyl-2-amine chloride (12.81 mg, 0.016 mmol) and K₃PO₄(69.13 mg, 0.326 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed with nitrogenfor three times and stirred for 6 h at 60° C. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with EA (10mL). The resulting mixture was washed with water (3×10 mL) and brine (10mL). The organic layers was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with PE/EA (2:1).The fractions contained desired product were combined and concentratedto afford the crude product (98 mg). The crude was further purified byPrep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: XBridge C18 OBD PrepColumn, 100 Å, 5 um, 19 mm×250 mm; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/LNH₄HCO₃), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 68 B to90 B in 5.3 min. The fractions contained desired product were combinedand concentrated to affordN-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide(60.0 mg, 73%) as an off-white solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₃H₁₆F₆N₆O[M+H]⁺, 507.13, found 507.15. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.72 (s, 1H),9.30 (s, 1H), 8.99-8.98 (m, 1H), 8.36-8.33 (m, 2H), 8.21-8.18 (m, 2H),7.79-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.97 (m, 3H),2.02 (s, 3H). F-NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −62.71 (3F), −66.47 (3F).

The compounds in Table 11 were prepared using procedures similar tothose described in Example 73 using appropriate starting materials.

TABLE 11 Example Exact Mass # Structure [M + H]⁺ 74

Calc'd 456.18; found 456.10. 75

Calc'd 459.19; found 459.05

Example 76:4-([4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate

Step 1: 4-carboxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate

To a stirred mixture of 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid(1.00 g, 5.23 mmol) and peroxol; urea (2.74 g, 29.09 mmol) in DCM (25.00mL) was added TFAA (4.05 mL, 19.267 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. undernitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at roomtemperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture wasfiltered. The filter cake was washed with DCM (3×5 mL). The filtrate waswashed with water (3×20 mL). The aqueous layers were combined andextracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers was driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄. After filtration, the filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to afford4-carboxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate (0.49 g, 45%) as anoff-white solid which was used directly to next step without furtherpurification. MS ESI calculated for C₇H₄F₃NO₃ [M−H]⁻, 206.01, found206.00.

Step 2:4-([4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate

To a stirred mixture of6-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-N,7-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine(0.25 g, 0.90 mmol), 4-carboxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate(0.19 g, 0.94 mmol), HATU (0.41 g, 1.07 mmol) and ACN (5.00 mL) wasadded TEA (0.27 g, 2.69 mmol) dropwise at 0° C. under nitrogenatmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography,eluted with EA/EtOH (3/1) in PE (90%). The fractions contained desiredproduct were combined and concentrated to afford the crude product. Thecrude product was further purified by trituration with ACN to afford4-([4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate(0.11 g, 26%) as a light yellow solid. MS ESI calculated forC₂₃H₁₉F₃N₆O₂ [M+H]⁺, 469.15, found 469.00. H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ10.59 (s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 8.47-8.46 (m, 1H),8.21-8.19 (m, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.59 (m, 1H),7.39-7.37 (m, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H).

Example 77:(3S)—N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideStep 1:(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-oxo-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

To a stirred solution of(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.20 g, 0.49 mmol) and6-bromo-2-(methylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (0.14 g, 0.53mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.20 g, 1.46 mmol) in dioxane (4.80 mL), H₂O (1.20 mL) wasadded Pd(dppf)Cl₂.CH₂Cl₂ (39.62 mg, 0.05 mmol). The reaction mixture wasdegassed with nitrogen for three times and stirred for 16 h at 80° C.The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted withhexane/(EtOAc:EtOH=3:1) (1:1). The fractions contained desired productwere combined and concentrated to afford(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-oxo-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.27 g, crude) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₂H₂₃F₃N₆O₂[M+H]⁺, 461.18, found 461.20.

Step 2:(3S)—N-[3-[7-bromo-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

To a mixture of(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-oxo-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(0.25 g, 0.54 mmol) was added POBr₃ (1.56 g, 5.43 mmol) at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 100° C. Theresulting mixture was quenched with NaHCO₃ at 0° C. The resultingmixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layerswas washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel column chromatography, eluted with hexane/(EtOAc;EtOH=3:1) (1:1). The fractions contained desired product were combinedand concentrated to afford(3S)—N-[3-[7-bromo-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(80 mg, 28%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₂H₂₂BrF₃N₆O[M+H]⁺, 523.10, found 523.15.

Step 3:(3S)—N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

To a stirred mixture of(3S)—N-[3-[7-bromo-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(60.00 mg, 0.12 mmol), Zn (7.50 mg, 0.12 mmol), Dppf (25.33 mg, 0.05mmol), Zn(CN)₂ (8.08 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DMA (1.50 mL) was addedPd₂(dba)₃.CHCl₃ (23.73 mg, 0.02 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassedwith nitrogen for three times and stirred for 2 h at 80° C. Theresulting mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography, eluted with hexane/(EtOAc:EtOH=3:1) (1:1). The fractionscontained desired product were combined and concentrated to afford thecrude product (50 mg) which was purified by Prep-HPLC with the followingconditions Column: XBridge C18 OBD Prep Column, 100 Å, 10 m, 19 mm×250mm; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 mmol/L NH₄HCO₃), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flowrate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 30 B to 50 B in 5.8 min; 254/210 nm; RT: 5.52min. The fractions contained desired product were combined andconcentrated to afford(3S)—N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide(15 mg, 28%) as a yellow solid. MS ESI calculated for C₂₃H₂₂F₃N₇O[M+H]⁺, 470.18, found 0.470.25. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.32 (s,1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.28-8.25 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.25 (m,1H), 3.70-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.96(m, 4H), 2.51-2.41 (m, 3H), 2.12-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.67-1.61 (m, 1H).

Example 78:(3R)—N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide

The title compound was prepared using procedures similar to thosedescribed in Example 79 using(3R)—N-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideinstead of(3S)—N-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamideto afford the title compound as a solid.

II. Biological Evaluation Example 1: Kinase Assay Protocol

Protein kinase assay: Assay platform was used to measurekinase/inhibitor interactions as described previously (Anastassiadis etal., 2011). In brief, for each reaction, kinase and substrate were mixedin a buffer containing 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA,0.02% Brij35, 0.02 mg/mL BSA, 0.1 mM Na3VO4, 2 mM DTT, and 1% DMSO. Allcompounds were solubilized in DMSO. Compounds were then added to eachreaction mixture via acoustic dispense using an ECHO 550 nanoliterdispenser. For human RAF1 testing, human MEK1 (K97R) was used as asubstrate at a concentration of 3 micromolar, with a final ATPconcentration of 10 micromolar. For human BRAF testing, human MEK1(K97R) was used as a substrate at 1 micromolar concentration, with afinal ATP concentration of 25 micromolar. Compounds were tested in10-dose IC₅₀ mode with a 3-fold serial dilution starting at 10micromolar. After a 20-min incubation, ATP (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis,Mo. 63178) and [g33P] ATP (specific activity 10 microCi/microliter)purchased at PerkinElmer (Boston, Mass., 02118 Cat #BLU 003H250UC) wereadded at a final total concentration of 10 mM. Reactions were carriedout at room temperature for 2 hr and spotted onto P81 ion exchangecellulose chromatography paper (Reaction Biology). Filter paper waswashed in 0.75% phosphoric acid to remove unincorporated ATP. Thepercent remaining kinase activity relative to a vehicle-containing(DMSO) kinase reaction was calculated for each kinase/inhibitor pair.IC₅₀ values were calculated using Prism 5 (GraphPad).

Representative data for exemplary compounds is presented in Table 12.

TABLE 12 Synthetic Chemistry Example RAF-1 IC₅₀ 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 A7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 A 19 A 20 A 21 A22 A 23 A 24 A 25 A 26 A 27 A 28 A 29 A 30 A 31 A 32 A 33 A 34 A 35 A 36A 37 A 38 A 39 A 40 A 41 A 42 A 43 A 44 A 45 A 46 A 47 A 48 A 49 A 50 A51 A 52 A 53 A 54 A 55 A 56 A 57 A 58 A 59 A 60 A 61 A 62 A 63 A 64 A 65A 66 A 67 A 68 A 69 A 70 A 71 A 72 A 73 A 74 A 75 A 76 A 77 A 78 A 79 ANote: Biochemical assay IC₅₀ data are designated within the followingranges: A: ≤ 0.010 μM B: > 0.010 μM to < 0.100 μM C: > 0.100 μM to ≤ 1μM

III. Preparation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Example 1: Oral Capsule

The active ingredient is a compound of Table 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate thereof. A capsule for oral administration isprepared by mixing 1-1000 mg of active ingredient with starch or othersuitable powder blend. The mixture is incorporated into an oral dosageunit such as a hard gelatin capsule, which is suitable for oraladministration.

Example 2: Solution for Injection

The active ingredient is a compound of Table 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and is formulated as a solution in sesame oilat a concentration of 50 mg-eq/mL.

The examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrativepurposes only and various modifications or changes suggested to personsskilled in the art are to be included within the spirit and purview ofthis application and scope of the appended claims.

1.-104. (canceled)
 105. A compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltor solvate thereof, selected from the group consisting of:N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)picolinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide;3-chloro-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(3-(2-(ethylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(3-(7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(3-(2-(cyclopropylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2-morpholinoethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(3-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;3-methyl-N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-((trideuteromethyl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(6-methyl-5-(2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(3-(2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-4-carboxamide;2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-N-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-chloro-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-ethenyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-ethyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-ethynyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-methoxy-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-ethoxy-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[3-[7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-(3-(7-(methoxy-d₃)-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-[3-[7-cyano-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-[4-methyl-3-[2-(methylamino)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-(methyl-d₃)-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;N-(4-methyl-3-(7-(methyl-d₃)-2-((methyl-d₃)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide;and4-([4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-1-ium-1-olate.106. The compound of claim 105, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein the compound isN-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide.107. The compound of claim 105, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein the compound isN-(3-(2-(ethylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide.108. The compound of claim 105, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt orsolvate thereof, wherein the compound isN-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide.109. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at least onepharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 110. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 109, wherein the compound isN-[4-methyl-3-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at leastone pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 111. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 109, wherein the compound isN-(3-(2-(ethylamino)-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at leastone pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 112. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 109, wherein the compound isN-(3-(2-amino-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-methylphenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and at leastone pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.